2021 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）

Questions __26__ to __35__ are based on the following passage.

Many people believe that passion and commitment are the foundations of strong

romantic relationships. But a relationship is made of two __26__

individuals. And the personality traits (特性) these individuals __27__ or lack can often

make a relationship

more- or less-likely to __28__. Recent research has found that one trait

in particular —

humility (谦逊) — is an important indicator of successful relationships.

Humility can sometimes be __29__ with a lack of confidence. But

researchers have

come to realize that being humble generally indicates the __30__ of deeply

admirable

personal qualities. Being humble means you have the ability to accurately __31__ your

deficiencies without denying your skills and strengths. For example, you might recognize

that you are intelligent, but realize that you are not a __32__. Thus,

humility leads to

an honest view of one's own advantages and shortcomings. Humble people do not ignore,

avoid, or try to deny their limits or deficiencies. They can __33__

mistakes, see value in

things that are far from perfect and identify areas for improvement.

Perhaps it is not __34__, then, that humility appears to be a huge asset

to relationships

One study found that people tend to rate this quality __35__ in their

spouse. The study

also found that someone who is humble is more likely to initiate a romantic relationship,

perhaps because they are less likely to see themselves as "too good" for someone else. Thus,

a humble partner might be your ideal partner.

As many office workers adapt to remote work, cities may undergo fundamental change

if offices remain under-utilized. Who will benefit if working from home becomes the norm?

Employers argue they make considerable savings on real estate when workers shift

from office to home work. However, these savings result from passing costs on to workers.

Unless employees are fully compensated, this could become a variant of parasitic (寄生的) capitalism,

whereby corporate profits increasingly rely on extracting value from

the public— and now personal— realm, rather than on generating new value.

Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates, others note the

loneliness, reduced productivity and inefficiencies of extended remote work.

If working from home becomes permanent, employees will have to dedicate part of

their private space to work. This requires purchasing desks, chairs and office equipment.

It also means having private space dedicated to work: the space must be heated,

cleaned, maintained and paid for. That depends on many things, but for purposes of

illustration, I have run some estimates for Montreal. The exercise is simple but

important, since it brings these costs out of the realm of speculation into the realm of

meaningful discussion.

Rough calculations show that the savings made by employers when their staff works

from home are of similar value to the compensation workers should receive for setting up

offices at home.

What does this mean for offices in cities? One of two things may happen: Employers

pass these costs onto employees. This would be a form of expropriation (侵占),

with employees absorbing production costs that have traditionally been paid by the

employer. This represents a considerable transfer of value from employees to employers.

When employees are properly compensated, employers' real estate savings will

be modest. If savings are modest, then the many advantages of working in offices-such

as lively atmosphere, rapidity of communication, team-building and acclimatization (适应环境)

of new employees will encourage employers to shelve the idea of remote

work and, like Yahoo in 2013, encourage employees to work most of the time from

corporate office space.

The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful

development as a species. But curiosity can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even

downfalls. Given curiosity's complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.

While pinning down a definition has proven tricky, the general consensus is it's some

means of information gathering. Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically(内在地)

motivated.

Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn't any single

"curiosity gene" that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment. That said,

curiosity does have a genetic component. Genes and the environment interact in many

complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.

Regardless of their genetic makeup, infants have to learn an incredible amount of

information in a short time, and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to

accomplish that gigantic task.

Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It's what motivates non-human

animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things

before growing less interested in them after continued exposure.

But curiosity often comes with a cost.

In some situations, the stakes are low and failure is a healthy part of growth. For

instance, many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers, but they decide to try walking

because there's more to see and do when they stand upright. But this milestone comes at a

small cost. A study of 12- to 19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these

children fell down a lot. Seventeen times per hour, to be exact. But walking is faster than

crawling, so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.

Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit

people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of

living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people

that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.