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2017年12月大学英语六级真题（第2套）
做题背题

2017年12月英语六级真题答案（第2套）

Part IWriting(30 minutes)
材料

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Seek to understand others, and you will be understood." You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200.

作答
参考范文
The adage 'Seek to understand others, and you will be understood' profoundly resonates with the essence of human interaction. It underscores the importance of empathy and mutual comprehension in fostering strong relationships. In our daily lives, this principle manifests in various ways. For instance, when engaging in a conversation, actively listening to the other person's perspective not only shows respect but also encourages them to reciprocate. This two-way understanding can lead to more productive discussions and stronger bonds. Moreover, in the workplace, seeking to understand colleagues' ideas and challenges can lead to better collaboration and a more harmonious environment. For example, if a teammate misses a deadline, asking about the difficulties before blaming them may reveal a problem we can solve together. They will then be more willing to explain and listen. In conclusion, the wisdom of this saying is undeniable. By striving to understand others, we open ourselves to being understood, which is the cornerstone of effective communication and meaningful connections.
Part IIListening(25分钟)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
听力音频
1. What is the man asked to do this evening?
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2. What do we learn about the man?
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3. What does the man say about Miss Bly?
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4. What does the man say about the first time he gave a speech of thanks?
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听力音频
5. What does the woman think the man should know?
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6. What does the woman think of Barrett's company?
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7. What did the woman say about the letter from the tax revenue office?
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8. What is the man thinking of doing?
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Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
听力音频
9. What do we learn about the report released this month?
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10. What does the study from the University of California, Berkeley, find about teens who go to bed late?
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11. What should night owls do to reduce their consumption of unhealthy food?
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听力音频
12. Why has the Oscars ceremony been criticized?
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13. What do we learn from the research?
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14. Who are regarded as largely invisible on TV shows?
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15. What does the speaker say about Hispanics?
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Section C

Directions: In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
听力音频
16. What life insurance should a single person buy according to the speaker?
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17. What should people do as their family increases in size?
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18. When should one change their life insurance?
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听力音频
19. What does the speaker say about stereotypes?
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20. What leads to the bias of stereotypes?
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21. What does the speaker say is a problem with stereotypes?
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22. What did one recent study find about stereotypes?
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听力音频
23. What does the speaker say you should do when you have an adverse reaction?
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24. What does the speaker say about alcohol drinking?
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25. What does the speaker call on parents to do at the end of the talk?
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Part IIIReading Comprehension(40分钟)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

原文

The Pacific island nation of Palau has become home to the sixth largest marine world. The new marine reserve, now the largest in the Pacific, will no fishing or mining. Palau also established the world's first shark sanctuary in 2009.

The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres-80 percent -of its maritime , for full protection, That's the highest percentage of an economic zone devoted to marine conservation by any country in the world. The remaining 20 percent of the Palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale fishing businesses with limited exports.

"Island have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing the ocean," said President. Tommy Remengesau Jr. in a statement. "Creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of Palau recognise as to our survival. We want to lead the way in restoring the health of the ocean for future generation."

Palau has only been an nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmental protection. It is home to one of the world's finest marine ecosystems, with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.

Senator Hokkons Baules, lead of the Palau National Marine Sanctuary Act, said the sanctuary will "help build a future for the Palauan people by honoring the conservation traditions of our past". These include the centuries-old custom of "bul", where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish an opportunity to replenish (补充).

题目
Word Bank
A) AllocateB) CelebritiesC) CommercialD) CommunitiesE) EssentialF) ExclusiveG) IndependentH) IndulgeI) PermitJ) SecureK) SolitaryL) SpectacleM) SponsorN) StocksO) Territory
答案与解析
26. 未作答
正确答案: I
27. 未作答
正确答案: O
28. 未作答
正确答案: F
29. 未作答
正确答案: C
30. 未作答
正确答案: D
31. 未作答
正确答案: E
32. 未作答
正确答案: G
33. 未作答
正确答案: M
34. 未作答
正确答案: J
35. 未作答
正确答案: N

Section B

Directions: In this section. you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

原文

Data sharing: An open mind on open data

A) It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. A spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a 'crisis' in science whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. Furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.
B) The open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. On the one hand, the drive to share is gathering official steam. Since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access to research. On the other hand, scientists disagree about how much and when they should share data, and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems. As more journals and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers.
C) One key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable. They must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration proposal from those who are wary of-or unfamiliar with-open science. And they must learn how to capitalize on the movement's benefits, such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.
D) Some fields have embraced open data more than others. Researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocal sup-porters of the drive for more-open science. A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in reproducible science—for example, by affixing an 'open-data' badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. According to social psychologist Brian Nosek, executive director of the Center for Open Science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological Science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.
E) Funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy. Several strongly encourage, and some require, a data-management plan that makes data available. The US National Science Foundation is among these, Some philanthropic (慈善的) funders, including the Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation in Seattle, Washington, and the Wellcome Trust in London, also data mandate open data from their grant recipients.
F) But many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in open science, are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private. Graduate students and postdocs, who often are working on their lab head's grant, may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior opposes sharing.
G) Some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career. "Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped (被抢先)," says New York University astronomer David Hogg. Those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.
H) Researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. "With my institution and teaching load, I don't have postdocs and grad students", says Terry McGlynn, a tropical biologist at California State University, Dominguez Hills. "The stakes are higher to share data because it's a bigger fraction of what's happening in my lab."
I) Researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to view. Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository (存储库), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.
J) The time investment can present other problems. In some cases, says data scientist Karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues— many of whom head selection and promotion committees—might ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. "I've heard this recently -that embracing the idea of open data and code makes traditional academics uncomfortable, "says Ram. "The concern seems to be that open advocates don't spend their time being as productive as possible."
K) An open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. Kate Ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the University of Florida, Gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about open science and those who don't. " There's a new area to navigate-'Are you cool with the fact that I'll want to make the data open?'-when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea, "she says.
L) Despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. For example, when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI) is assigned. Scientists can use a DOI to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations- one each for the data and software. in addition to the paper itself. And although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia, they can have other benefits.
M) Many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. "This is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism (剽窃). " says Ivo Grigorov, a project coordinator at the National Institute of Aquatic Resources Research Secretariat in Charlottenlund, Denmark. Hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. "The two cases I'm familiar with didn't involve open data or code, "he says.
N) Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the playing field by gaining better access to crucial data. Ross Mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the University of Cambridge, UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because of his fossil based research on access to others' data. He says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a common practice of shutting out early-career scientists' requests for data.
O) Communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, he says, Concerns about open science should be discussed at the outset of a study. "Whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them," he says.
P) In the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early -career researcher to gain recognition--a crucial component of success. "The thing you are searching for reputation" says Titus Brown, a genomics (基因组学) researcher at the University of California, Davis. "To get grants and jobs you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. Anything you do that advances your presence- especially in a larger sphere, outside the communities you know- is a net win."
题目
Match the statements with the paragraphs
36.Astronomer David Hogg doesn't think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.
未作答
正确答案: M
37.Some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them.
未作答
正确答案: G
38.Some psychology journals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.
未作答
正确答案: D
39.There is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.
未作答
正确答案: A
40.Sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation.
未作答
正确答案: P
41.Data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations.
未作答
正确答案: L
42.Scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing.
未作答
正确答案: B
43.Potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project.
未作答
正确答案: O
44.Sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming.
未作答
正确答案: I
45.Junior researchers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.
未作答
正确答案: F

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

原文

In the beginning of the movie l, Robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water-Del Spooner or a child. Even though Spooner screams "Save her Save her!" The robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to Sarah's 11 percent. The robot's decision and its calculated approach raise an important question: would humans make the same choice? And which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make?

Isaac Asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. Robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm; 2. Robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law 1; and 3. Robots must act in self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws 1 or 2. These laws are programmed into Asimov's robots-they don't have to think, judge, or value. They don't have to like humans or believe that hurting them is wrong or bad. They simply don't do it.

The robot who rescues Spooner's life in I, Robot follows Asimov's zeroth law: robots cannot harm humanity(as opposed to individual humans) or allow humanity to come to harm--an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good. Under the first law, a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman, but under the zeroth law, a robot could kill the gunman to save others.

Whether it's possible to program a robot with safeguards such as Asimov's laws is debatable. A word such as "harm" is vague (what about emotional harm? Is replacing a human employ harm?), and abstract concepts present coding problems. The robots in Asimov's fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess the situation.

Assessing situations can be complicated. A robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possible outcomes for various scenarios. It's doubtful that a computer program can do that-at least, not without some undesirable results. A roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory programmed a robot to save human proxies (替身) called "H-bots" from danger.

When one H-bot headed for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. But when two H-bots became imperiled, the robot choked 42 percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both "die. "The experiment highlights the importance of morality: without it, how can a robot decide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds?

题目
46. What question does the example in the movie raise?
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47. What does the author think of Asimov's three laws of robotics?
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48. What does the author say about Asimov's robots?
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49. What does the author want to say by mentioning the word "harm" in Asimov's laws?
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50. What has the roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory found in his experiment?
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Passage Two

原文

Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to see just how far we have come in just a few years. The latest iPhone 6s, for example, has a dual-core processor and fits nicely into your pocket. By comparison, you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your standard laptop in an office anywhere in the world.

It's no wonder what new applications for the Internet of Things are moving ahead fast when almost every new device we buy has a plug on the end of it or a wireless connection to the internet. Soon, our current smartphone lifestyle will expand to create our own smart home lifestyle too.

All researches agree that close to 25 billion devices, things and sensors will be connected by 2020 which incidentally is also the moment that Millennials (千禧一代) are expected to make up 75 percent of our overall workforce, and the fully connected home. become a reality for large numbers of people worldwide.

However, this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new forms of automation coupled with intelligent energy and facilities management.

Online security cameras, intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that control both temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of control, efficiency, and improvements to what were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing a large building.

We can expect that the ever-growing list of devices, systems and environments remain connected, always online and talking to each other. The big benefit will not only be in the housing of this enormous and rapidly growing amount of data, but will also be in the ability to run real time data analytics to extract actionable and ongoing knowledge.

The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology is how to creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings, improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and citizens of these smart cities.

The good news is that most of this technology is already invented. Let's face it, it wasn't too long ago that the idea of working from anywhere and at any time was some form of a distant utopian (乌托邦式的) dream, and yet now we can perform almost any office-based task from any location in the world as long as we have access to the internet.

It's time to wake up to the fact that making smart buildings, cities and homes will dramatically improve our quality of life in the years ahead.

题目
51. What does the example of iPhone 6s serve to show?
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52. What can we expect to see by the year 2020?
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53. What will business owners do when they become aware of the benefits of the internet of Things?
✗ 未作答
54. What is the most exciting challenge when we possess more and more data?
✗ 未作答
55. What does the author think about working from anywhere and at any time?
✗ 未作答
Part IVTranslation(30 minutes)
材料

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

青海湖位于海拔 3,205米、青海省省会西宁以西约 100公里处,是中国最大的咸水湖,面积 4,317平方公里,最深处25.5米,有 23条河注入湖中,其中大部分是季节性的。百分之八十的湖水源于五条主要河流。青海湖位于跨越亚洲的几条候鸟迁徙路线的交叉处。许多鸟类把青海湖作为迁徙过程中的暂息地。湖的西侧是著名的"鸟岛",吸引着来自世界各地的观鸟者。每年夏天，游客们也来这里观看国际自行车比赛。
作答
参考译文
Qinghai Lake, situated at an altitude of 3,205 meters and about 100 kilometers west of Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province, is the largest saltwater lake in China, covering an area of 4,317 square kilometers with a maximum depth of 25.5 meters. Twenty-three rivers flow into the lake, most of which are seasonal. Eighty percent of the lake's water comes from five main rivers. Qinghai Lake is located at the intersection of several migratory bird routes across Asia. Many birds use Qinghai Lake as a stopover during their migration. The famous 'Bird Island' on the lake's west side attracts birdwatchers from around the world. Every summer, tourists also come here to watch the international bicycle race.

本页为2017年12月英语六级真题（第2套）答案，支持隐藏答案自查。

写作题目：Seek to understand others, and you will be understood

翻译题干节选：青海湖位于海拔 3,205米、青海省省会西宁以西约 100公里处,是中国最大的咸水湖,面积 4,317平方公里,最深处25.5米,有 23条河注入湖中,其中大部…