2013年考研英语二阅读 Text 2 原文翻译及答案解析

A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, "uccelli di passaggio," birds of passage.

一个世纪前，来自大西洋彼岸的移民包括定居者和暂居者。与许多希望在美国永久安家的人一同前来的，还有那些无意久留、赚些钱就回家的人。1908年至1915年间，约有700万人抵达，而约有200万人离开。例如，大约四分之一的意大利移民最终永久返回了意大利。他们甚至有一个亲切的昵称，'uccelli di passaggio'，即候鸟。

Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don't need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.

今天，我们对移民更加严格。我们将新来者分为两类：合法或非法、好或坏。我们欢迎他们为未来的美国人，或给他们贴上需要驱逐的外国人的标签。这种框架极大地导致了我们破碎的移民体系和长期的政治瘫痪，无法解决如何修复它。我们不需要更多类别，但我们需要改变我们对类别的思考方式。我们需要超越对合法与非法的严格定义。首先，我们可以认识到新的候鸟，那些生活在灰色地带并蓬勃发展的群体。然后，我们或许能开始解决我们的移民挑战。

Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today's birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.

农作物采摘者、小提琴家、建筑工人、企业家、工程师、家庭健康护理助理和物理学家是当今的候鸟之一。他们是由工作、资金和思想流动驱动的全球经济的积极参与者。他们更喜欢随着机会召唤而来来去去。他们能够设法在一个地方工作，在另一个地方安家。

With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.

无论有无许可，他们都能轻松跨越法律、司法管辖和身份界限。我们需要他们将美国想象成一个可以暂时有生产力而不承诺永远停留的地方。我们需要他们感觉到家可以既在这里又在那里，并且他们可以光荣地属于两个国家。

Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.

适应这个流动人口的新世界将需要移民斗争双方的新态度。超越文化战争中对错的逻辑意味着开放中间地带，并理解如今管理移民需要多种路径和多种结果，包括一些在现有体系中难以合法实现的结果。

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