2018年12月六级第3套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

On Jan.9,2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple's "revolutionary mobile phone"—a device that combined the functionality of an iPod, phone and Internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch.

2007年1月9日，史蒂夫·乔布斯正式宣布了苹果的“革命性移动电话”——一种将iPod、电话和互联网通信功能集于一体、通过触摸导航的设备。

It was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of American adults and are increasingly common across the globe.

这是智能手机发展的一个巨大里程碑，如今大多数美国成年人都拥有智能手机，其在全球范围内也日益普及。

As smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: Are smartphones disturbing children's sleep? Is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? And what are the implications for privacy?

随着智能手机的普及，关于其对我们生活和工作方式影响的疑问也越来越多。便利的移动技术的优势往往显而易见且被视为理所当然，从而将更微妙的话题留给了关注讨论：智能手机是否干扰儿童的睡眠？无法摆脱工作是否对健康有负面影响？对隐私又有何影响？

But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, let's take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. That's because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual's behavior and environment.

但今天，在iPhone问世10周年之际，让我们花点时间思考一个不那么明显的优势：智能手机技术革新行为科学的潜力。这是因为，在人类历史上首次有大量人口与能够记录个人行为和环境关键特征的技术保持持续接触。

Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device's built-in sensors. These studies are confirming, challenging and extending what's been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks.

研究人员已经开始在社会科学研究中使用智能手机，无论是定期查询人们正常生活中的行为，还是使用设备的内置传感器记录活动。这些研究正在证实、挑战和扩展通过更传统方法获得的发现，在这些传统方法中，人们报告自己在现实生活中的行为或参与相对短暂且人为的实验室任务。

Such studies are just the first steps. As more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people's productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. Beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention—such as an unusual increase in behaviors that signal a period of depression.

这些研究仅仅是第一步。随着更多数据的收集和分析方法的改进，研究人员将能更好地识别不同经历、行为和环境之间的相互关系及其随时间演变的方式，有可能提高人们在各个领域的生产力和福祉。除了揭示人群范围的模式外，数据和分析的正确结合还可以帮助个人识别自身行为的独特特征，包括可能表明需要某种干预的情况——例如，可能预示抑郁期的行为异常增加。

Smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. Today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. Smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts.

基于智能手机的数据收集在心理学科学演变中适时出现。如今，该领域正处于转型期，从以本科生参与者为中心的实验室研究转向更复杂、更真实的情境研究，使用更多样化的人群。智能手机为实现这些目标提供了新工具，提供了关于各种情境下日常行为的丰富数据。

So here's another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science.

因此，智能手机可能改变我们生活和工作的另一种方式是：通过对人类心理和行为提供洞察，从而支持更智能的社会科学。