2015年考研英语二阅读 Text 1 原文翻译及答案解析

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

一项新研究表明，与大多数调查相反，人们实际上在家比在工作中压力更大。研究人员测量了人们在工作时和在家时的皮质醇（一种压力标志物），发现本应是避风港的家中，皮质醇水平更高。

”Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

研究人员莎拉·达马斯克写道：“进一步与传统观念相悖的是，我们发现女性和男性一样，在工作中压力水平低于在家。”她指出，事实上女性甚至表示在工作中感觉更好。“是男性而非女性报告在家比在工作中更快乐。”另一个意外发现是，这些结果对有孩子和无孩子的人都成立，但对无子女者更为明显。这就是为什么在外工作的人健康状况更好。

What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they're at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

这项研究没有测量的是，人们在家时是否仍在工作，无论是家务劳动还是从办公室带回家的工作。对许多男性来说，工作日结束是放松的时间。对于居家女性，她们从未离开过办公室。对于在外工作的女性，她们经常在追赶家务任务。随着角色界限模糊，以及家庭环境在为职业女性调整方面远落后于职场，女性在家压力更大并不奇怪。

But it's not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

但这不仅仅是性别问题。在工作中，人们大致知道自己应该做什么：工作、赚钱、完成为了获得收入而必须做的任务。这种交换非常纯粹：员工投入数小时的身体或脑力劳动，员工获取维持生计的收入。

On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues – your family – have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they're teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they're your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.

然而，在家庭环境中，人们没有这样的清晰度。很少有家庭能如此系统和有条理地划分劳动。有许多任务要做，大多数任务的回报不足。你的家庭同事——你的家人——没有明确的劳动奖励；他们需要被说服，或者如果是青少年，需要威胁完全移除所有电子设备。此外，他们是你的家人。你不能解雇你的家人。你永远无法真正从家庭中回家。

So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

所以人们在家压力更大并不奇怪。不仅任务似乎无穷无尽，同事也更难激励。