查看全部试卷
2024年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套）
做题背题

2024年6月英语四级真题答案（第2套）

Part IWriting(30 minutes)
材料

Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students' opinions on whether university sports facilities should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

作答
参考范文
University sports facilities can benefit more people if they are open to the public. In my view, universities should allow public access when students' needs and campus safety can be protected. Public access can promote community health by giving residents more opportunities to exercise. It can also encourage social interaction and strengthen ties between a university and its neighbors. However, unlimited access may cause overcrowding, damage equipment and create security problems. These costs should be considered before any opening plan is adopted. Therefore, a practical policy should set clear opening hours and require advance reservations. Students should have priority during teaching and training periods, while residents could use available facilities at other times. Universities should also arrange regular maintenance and appropriate security checks. With these measures, opening sports facilities can serve the community without disrupting campus activities. The aim should be responsible sharing, supported by rules that are easy for both students and visitors to follow.
Part IIListening(25分钟)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
听力音频
1. What do we learn about the JetBlue Airlines flight from the news report?
✗ 未作答
2. How did the passengers feel when the plane came to a stop according to Brian Healy?
✗ 未作答
听力音频
3. What do we learn about the deadly snake from the news report?
✗ 未作答
4. How have the zoo staff been feeling about the snake?
✗ 未作答
听力音频
5. What do we learn from the news report about the introduction of electric bikes into Jacksonville?
✗ 未作答
6. What are electric bike riders supposed to do?
✗ 未作答
7. Why did City Council member Anna Cumber advocate the introduction of electric bikes into Jacksonville?
✗ 未作答

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
听力音频
8. What should we do with the topic of money, according to the woman?
✗ 未作答
9. How does the woman say money can be made real for children?
✗ 未作答
10. What is the common practice between the man and the woman?
✗ 未作答
11. What is the woman always talking about to her elder daughter?
✗ 未作答
听力音频
12. What do we learn about the man?
✗ 未作答
13. What does the woman say is the most controversial?
✗ 未作答
14. What does the man say is his real goal?
✗ 未作答
15. What will be one option for funding the proposed rewards according to the man?
✗ 未作答

Section C

Directions: In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
听力音频
16. Why is the speaker launching a campaign?
✗ 未作答
17. What does the speaker advise us to do next time someone asks us how we are?
✗ 未作答
18. Why do many people make the I'm busy response according to the speaker?
✗ 未作答
听力音频
19. What may sound strange to say about extreme sports?
✗ 未作答
20. Why should one be highly focused when doing extreme sports?
✗ 未作答
21. How can extreme sports benefit us more than standard exercise routines and sports?
✗ 未作答
听力音频
22. What does the passage say about conflict in organizations?
✗ 未作答
23. Why do some people want to avoid conflict at all costs?
✗ 未作答
24. Why is productive conflict important for teams and organizations?
✗ 未作答
25. What does productive conflict need as a basis? That's the end of Listening Comprehension.
✗ 未作答
Part IIIReading Comprehension(40分钟)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

原文

A team of researchers led by Priyanka Joshi examined the degree to which men and women relied on "communicative abstraction" to verbally convey their ideas and emotions. Communicative abstraction, according to the researchers, reflects the tendency of people to use "abstract speech that focuses on the broader picture and purpose of action rather than concrete speech focusing on details and the means of action." Interestingly, they found that men were far more likely to speak in the abstract than were women.

To arrive at this , the researchers examined the linguistic (语言的) patterns of men and women in over 600,000 blog posts written on websites. To do this, the researchers computed abstractness ratings for 40,000 commonly used words in the English language. Words considered to be concrete could be easily visualized, such as "table" or "chair". Words that were more to visualize, for example, "justice" or "morality" were considered to be more abstract. They found that men used more abstract language in their blog posts.

What is the of this effect? The researchers suggest that power differences between the genders— that is, men having more power in society—might be a key determinant (决定因素). For instance, in a follow-up study conducted with a sample of 300 students, the researchers power dynamics in an interpersonal setting to see if this would influence communicative abstraction. They found that participants in a high-power interviewer role were more likely to give abstract descriptions of behaviors than were participants in a low-power interviewee role. This suggests that communicating more abstractly does not reflect a tendency of men or women but rather within specific contexts.

题目
Word Bank
A) approximatelyB) attainingC) conclusionD) difficultE) emergesF) fixedG) ignoredH) legallyI) manipulatedJ) recommendedK) refrainingL) signalsM) significantlyN) sourceO) ultimate
答案与解析
26. 未作答
正确答案: O
27. 未作答
正确答案: B
28. 未作答
正确答案: C
29. 未作答
正确答案: A
30. 未作答
正确答案: D
31. 未作答
正确答案: M
32. 未作答
正确答案: N
33. 未作答
正确答案: I
34. 未作答
正确答案: F
35. 未作答
正确答案: E

Section B

Directions: In this section. you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

原文

How to better work towards long-term goals

A) Hal Hershfield, a psychologist at the UCLA Anderson School of Management, wanted to know why people weren't saving for retirement. Across the board, people are living longer. Logically, they'll need more money to live comfortably in their post-work years. And yet, savings rates in the U.S. have gone down in recent decades, not up.
B) To help explain this seemingly irrational behavior, Hershfield and his team scanned the brains of study participants while asking them to what degree various traits (特征)—like "honorable" or "funny"—applied to their current self, their future self, a current other, or a future other. As participants answered, Hershfield's team recorded which parts of their brains lit up. Unsurprisingly, people's brains were most active when thinking about their current selves and least active when thinking about a current other. But the team found that participants' brain activity while considering their future selves more closely resembled their brain activity while thinking about a current other rather than the current self.
C) Put in practical terms, when thinking of yourself in a month or a year or a decade, your brain registers that person in ways similar to how it would register Taylor Swift or the mailman. Understood in that way, saving for retirement is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely.
D) In light of Hershfield's study, one simple question arises: Is it possible to make our present selves give a damn about our future selves? The answers are anything but simple.
E) Seen through the lens of the present self versus the future self, our self-defeating actions—like choosing to watch television rather than go to the gym—suddenly make perfect sense. We get to enjoy the very concrete, immediate benefits of our actions while someone else (namely, our future selves) suffers the hypothetical (假设的), far-off consequences. As a result, the decisions we make for our present selves often look very different from our decisions for our future selves. We believe that tomorrow will be different. We believe that we will be different tomorrow; but in doing so, we prioritize our current mood over the consequences of our inaction for the future self.
F) Understanding our procrastination (拖延) through the lens of the present and future selves, we're left with three possible solutions: The first is to force your future self to do whatever your present self doesn't want to do. The second is to convince your present self that your future self is, in fact, still you. If the central problem is that we think of our future selves as other people, it follows that trying to identify more closely with our future selves will encourage us to make better long-term decisions.
G) In a follow-up study, Hershfield wanted to explore ways to bridge the disconnect between the present and future selves and encourage people to save more for retirement. He and his team took photos of study participants, and then used image processing to visually age their faces. Participants were then placed in a virtual reality setting where they could look into a mirror and see their aged selves looking back at them. Participants who saw their aged selves said they would save 30% more of their salary for retirement than the control group.
H) Whatever your long-term goals may be—getting in better shape, launching your own business, writing a book—thinking about your deadline in terms of days rather than months or years can help you wrap your mind around how close the future really is.
I) The third solution is to forget about your future self and use your present self's love of instant gratification (满足感) to your advantage. While the two tactics (手段) above can be effective in making better long-term choices, in the end, you're still struggling against human nature. Our brains are hard-wired for instant gratification. Instead of fighting your present self's need for immediate rewards, why not use it to your advantage? When most of us set goals, we focus on long-term results we want to see—e.g., losing weight, getting a promotion, retiring in comfort, etc. While those visions of our future selves can be inspiring, when it comes to actually doing the day-to-day work, it may be more effective to reframe activities in terms of their immediate, or at least very near-term, rewards.
J) Take writing this article, for instance. It's easy for me to imagine how amazing it will feel at the end of the workday to have this article done. This isn't just my opinion. Research partners Kaitlin Woolley of Cornell University and Ayelet Fishbach of the University of Chicago have made a career out of studying the differences between the goals that people achieve and the ones that fall to the wayside.
K) "In one study, we asked people online about the goals they set at the beginning of the year. Most people set goals to achieve delayed, long-term benefits, such as career advancement, debt repayment, or improved health. We asked these individuals how enjoyable it was to pursue their goal, as well as how important their goal was. We also asked whether they were still working on their goals two months after setting them. We found that enjoyment predicted people's goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be," Woolley said.
L) This pattern held true across a wide variety of goals from exercising to studying to eating healthier foods. For example, people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits. Other studies have shown a greater uptake of exercise in people who were told to think of the enjoyment of doing the exercise now rather than future health gains.
M) These findings suggest that when it comes to achieving your goals, enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits. In other words, present self trumps (战胜) future self. Who says instant gratification has to be a bad thing? By all means, set ambitious long-term goals for your future self, but when it comes to actually following through day-to-day, make sure your present self knows what's in it for her too.
题目
Match the statements with the paragraphs
36.Our brains are genetically determined to satisfy immediate desires.
未作答
正确答案: I
37.Taken in a practical way, saving for post-work years is like giving money away to others.
未作答
正确答案: C
38.Research found that, as regards achievement of one's goals, it is important to focus more on enjoying the process than the long-term benefits.
未作答
正确答案: M
39.Regarding our future selves as still being ourselves will help us make better long-term decisions.
未作答
正确答案: F
40.Savings rates in America have dropped in recent decades even though people's life expectancy has increased.
未作答
正确答案: A
41.Researchers found that enjoyment rather than importance enabled people to persist in their goals.
未作答
正确答案: K
42.When making decisions, we give priority to our current frame of mind without thinking much of the consequences.
未作答
正确答案: E
43.People ate more of a healthy food when they focused on its good taste instead of its long-term benefits.
未作答
正确答案: L
44.As was expected, when people thought of their present selves, their brains were observed to become more active.
未作答
正确答案: B
45.Researchers found that participants who saw the images of their aged selves would save more for their later years than those who didn't.
未作答
正确答案: G

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

原文

People often wonder why some entrepreneurs have greater success than others. Is it habits, connections, luck, work ethic or any other behavior? I believe the key to success is willpower. Willpower is the ability to control yourself. It is a strong determination that allows you to do something difficult. It is a behavior we are born with more than one we learn; however, it is possible to not only learn it, but also strengthen it with constant exercise.

Willpower is just like a muscle; to keep it strong you need to constantly exercise it. People with a great amount of willpower have the discipline to develop positive, successful habits. Even with an incredible amount of talent, without the discipline and motivation to create positive habits, it can be difficult to achieve success.

Willpower and habits go hand in hand. It is critical to create good habits and take the actions necessary to stick to those habits day in and day out for greater success. Almost half of our daily actions are part of our habits and not decisions, so once the correct habits are in place, you will automatically perform those tasks on a day-to-day basis.

The best way to create and stick to a habit is to have strong motivation. It's easier to change your habits to lose weight if you have a health issue and you want to be around longer for your kids, or if your business is something you're passionate about. Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit will help you stick to that habit permanently.

The art of self-control is one that most successful individuals have mastered. Self-control enables you to avoid behaviors that don't contribute to your success and adopt those that do.

Because there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control, it can be easy to get off track. However, if you work on sticking to those small positive habits one day at a time, it becomes easier to stay strong and achieve that delayed reward. Once a reward is achieved, it is much easier to continue sticking to your habits.

题目
46. What does the author say we need to do to strengthen our willpower?
✗ 未作答
47. How are almost half of our daily actions performed according to the passage?
✗ 未作答
48. What will help people stick to doing something constructive automatically?
✗ 未作答
49. How does the art of self-control help us succeed?
✗ 未作答
50. Why can it be difficult for us to maintain self-control?
✗ 未作答

Passage Two

原文

Today, most scientific research is funded by government grants, companies doing research and development, and non-profit foundations. As a society, we reap the rewards from this science, but we also help pay for it. You indirectly support science through taxes you pay, products and services you purchase, and donations you make.

Funding for science has changed with the times. Historically, science has been largely supported through private patronage (资助), church sponsorship, or simply paying for the research yourself. Today, researchers are likely to be funded by a mix of grants from various government agencies, institutions, and foundations. Other research is funded by private companies. Such corporate sponsorship is widespread in some fields. Almost 75% of U.S. clinical trials in medicine are paid for by private companies. And, of course, some researchers today still fund small-scale studies out of their own pockets. Most of us can't afford to do nuclear research as a private hobby, but birdwatchers, rock collectors, and others can do real research on a limited budget.

In a perfect world, money wouldn't matter—all scientific studies would be completely objective. But in the real world, funding may introduce biases. Drug research sponsored by the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry is more likely to end up favoring the drug under consideration than studies sponsored by government grants or charitable organizations. Similarly, nutrition research sponsored by the food industry is more likely to end up favoring the food under consideration than independently funded research.

So what should we make of all this? Should we ignore any research funded by companies or special interest groups? Certainly not. These groups provide invaluable funding for scientific research. Furthermore, science has many safeguards in place to catch instances of bias that affect research outcomes. Ultimately, misleading results will be corrected as science proceeds; however, this process takes time. Meanwhile, it pays to examine studies funded by industry or special interest groups with extra care. Are the results consistent with other independently funded studies? What do other scientists have to say about this research? A little examination can go a long way towards identifying bias associated with the funding source.

题目
51. What does the passage mainly discuss regarding scientific research?
✗ 未作答
52. What do we learn from the passage about researchers like birdwatchers and rock collectors?
✗ 未作答
53. What would scientific studies look like in a perfect world according to the author?
✗ 未作答
54. What does the author say about companies and special interest groups?
✗ 未作答
55. What does the author think of research funded by industry or special interest groups?
✗ 未作答
Part IVTranslation(30 minutes)
材料

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

农历(the lunar calendar)起源于数千年前的中国，根据太阳和月亮的运行规律制定。长期以来，农历在农业生产和人们日常生活中发挥着重要作用。古人依据农历记录日期、安排农活，以便最有效地利用自然资源和气候条件，提高农作物的产量和质量。中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日的日期都基于农历。农历是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，当今依然广为使用。
作答
参考译文
The lunar calendar, originating in China thousands of years ago, was formulated based on the movement patterns of the sun and the moon. For a long time, it has played a significant role in agricultural production and daily life. Ancient people used the lunar calendar to record dates and arrange agricultural work, in order to make the most effective use of natural resources and climatic conditions, thereby increasing the yield and quality of crops. The dates of traditional Chinese festivals such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival are determined by the lunar calendar. It is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and is still widely used today.

本页为2024年6月英语四级真题（第2套）答案，支持隐藏答案自查。

写作题目：Express views on whether university sports facilities should be open to the public

翻译题干节选：农历(the lunar calendar)起源于数千年前的中国，根据太阳和月亮的运行规律制定。长期以来，农历在农业生产和人们日常生活中发挥着重要作用。古人依据…