2017年12月六级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

Twenty years ago, the Urban Land Institute defined the two types of cities that dominated the US landscape: smaller cities that operated around standard 9-5 business hours and large metropolitan areas that ran all 24 hours of the day. Analyzing and comparing cities using the lens of this basic divide gives interesting context to how investment capital flows and housing prices have shifted.

二十年前，城市土地协会定义了主导美国城市格局的两类城市：一类是遵循标准朝九晚五营业时间的较小城市，另一类是全天24小时运转的大都市区。通过这种基本划分的视角来分析和比较城市，为投资资本流动和房价变动提供了有趣的背景。

In recent years, many mid-sized cities have begun to adopt a middle-of-the-road approach incorporating the excitement and opportunity of large cities with small cities' quiet after midnight. These 18-hour cities are beginning to make waves in real estate rankings and attract more real estate investment. What is underlying this new movement in real estate, and why do these cities have so much appeal?

近年来，许多中型城市开始采取折中方式，将大城市的活力与机遇同小城市午夜后的宁静相结合。这些18小时城市开始在房地产排名中崭露头角，并吸引更多房地产投资。这一房地产新运动背后的深层原因是什么？为何这些城市如此具有吸引力？

18-hour cities combine the best of 24-hour and 9-5 cities, which contributes to downtown revitalization. For decades, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities were abandoned after work hours by workers who lived in the suburbs. Movement out of city centers was widespread, and downtown tenants were predominantly made up of the working poor. This generated little commerce for downtown businesses in the evenings, which made business and generating tax revenue for municipal upkeep difficult. With the rise of a new concept in urban planning that aims to make life easier and more convenient, increasing popularity for urban areas that caused the real estate pushes, in major cities like San Francisco or New York, has inspired a type of forward thinking urbanity and in smaller cities.

18小时城市融合了24小时城市和9-5城市的优点，从而促进了市中心的复兴。几十年来，许多小中型城市的市中心核心区在下班后被居住在郊区的工作者所抛弃。人口流出市中心的现象十分普遍，市中心的租户主要是贫困劳动者。这导致市中心商户在傍晚时段几乎没有商业活动，使得企业经营和为市政维护筹集税收变得困难。随着旨在使生活更便捷的新城市规划理念兴起，大城市如旧金山或纽约中日益受欢迎的城市区域推动了房地产发展，这也启发了小城市出现一种前瞻性的都市化思维。

Transforming downtown areas so that they incorporate modern housing and improved walkability to local restaurants, retail, and entertainment -especially when combined with improved infrastructure for cyclists and public transit-makes them appeal to a more affluent demographic. These adjustments encourage employers in the knowledge and talent industries to keep their offices downtown. Access to foot traffic and proximity to transit allow the type of entertainment-oriented businesses such as bars and restaurants to stay open later, which attracts both younger, creative workers and baby boomers nearing retirement alike. Because of their smaller size, most keep hours that allow people to enjoy themselves, then have some quiet after midnight, as opposed to large major cities like New York, where the buzz of activity is ongoing.

改造市中心，使其融入现代住房和改善通往本地餐厅、零售及娱乐场所的步行便利性——尤其是结合改善后的自行车和公共交通基础设施——能让这些区域吸引更富裕的人群。这些调整鼓励知识型和人才密集型行业的雇主将其办公室设在市中心。人流量和靠近交通枢纽的优势，使得酒吧和餐馆等娱乐导向型企业能够延长营业时间，这既吸引了年轻的创意工作者，也吸引了临近退休的婴儿潮一代。由于规模较小，大多数这些城市的营业时间允许人们享受生活，然后在午夜后归于宁静，而不像纽约这样的大都市，喧嚣的活动持续不断。

These 18-hour cities are rapidly on the rise and offer great opportunities for homeowner investment. In many of these cities such as Denver, a diverse and vigorous economy attracted to the urban core has offered stable employment for residents. The right urban mix has propped up home occupancy, increased property values, and attracted significant investment capital.

这些18小时城市正在迅速崛起，并为业主投资提供了巨大机会。在丹佛等许多此类城市中，多样化且充满活力的经济吸引了核心城区，为居民提供了稳定的就业机会。恰当的城市组合支撑了房屋入住率，提升了房产价值，并吸引了大量投资资本。