2020年考研英语二阅读 Text 4 原文翻译及答案解析

Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.

既然Z世代的成员今年春天即将大学毕业——最普遍接受的定义是，这一代人大约出生于1995年之后，前后一年左右——近几周来，人们对他们的关注度稳步上升。Z世代即将走上街头，在数十年来最紧张的劳动力市场中寻找工作。根据全国大学与雇主协会的一项调查，美国雇主计划今年招聘的新毕业生数量比去年多约17%。大家都想知道，即将入驻那些空置办公隔间的人将如何与前几代人有所不同。

If "entitled" is the most con皿on adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.

如果“entitled”是最常用的形容词，无论公平与否，用于描述千禧一代（出生于1981年至1995年之间的人），那么Z世代的关键词则是务实和谨慎。根据研究他们的职业顾问和专家，Z世代是清醒的经济实用主义者。尽管毕业时正值过去50年来最好的经济环境，但Z世代知道经济灾难是什么样子。2008年金融危机时，他们还是易受影响的孩子，当时许多父母失去了工作或毕生积蓄，或两者兼失。他们不感兴趣冒险。繁荣的经济似乎未能缓解这种深层的代际焦虑紧迫感，尤其是对那些有大学债务的人来说。根据美联储的数据，美国大学贷款余额目前达到创纪录的1.5万亿美元。

One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.

埃森哲的一项调查发现，今年88%的应届毕业生在选择专业时考虑了就业。与此同时，在2019年对佐治亚大学学生的调查中，职业办公室发现，未来雇主最理想的特质是提供稳定就业的能力（其次是专业发展和培训，然后是鼓舞人心的目标）。工作保障或稳定性是第二重要的职业目标（工作与生活平衡排第一），其次是致力于某项事业或为服务更大利益而感到满足的感觉。

That's a big change from the previous generation. "Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives," notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of YouthSight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts .regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. "Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy. They have troubles seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse."

这与上一代人相比是一个巨大变化。“千禧一代想要生活中更多的灵活性，”YouthSight的副总监坦雅·米切尔森指出，这是一家总部位于英国的品牌管理公司，定期对英国青年进行60天调查，其发现可能同样适用于美国青年。“Z世代正在寻求更多的确定性和稳定性，因为零工经济的兴起。他们难以看到财务前景，而且非常规避风险。”