2023年考研英语一阅读 Text 2 原文翻译及答案解析

Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there's an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.

新英格兰地区的社区自2010年代Airbnb等网站兴起以来，一直在试图监管短期租赁。如今，随着房价创历史新高和库存历史低位，这种监管的紧迫性日益增加，尤其是在那些担心开发商会进来大量购买住房，然后在短期租赁市场上转手牟利的人群中。

In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently · voted against a bill that would've made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.

在新罕布什尔州，租赁空置率已降至百分之一以下，住房倡导者担心不受控制的短期租赁将进一步加剧本已紧张的市场压力。该州立法机构最近投票反对了一项法案，该法案原本会禁止城镇制定限制短期租赁的立法。

"We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing, " said Nick Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, "employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live, " Taylor said.

"我们在租赁住房供应方面处于危机水平，"大海岸劳动力住房联盟的执行主任尼克·泰勒说。由于新罕布什尔州南部城镇缺乏足够的可负担住房，"雇主难以吸引员工，工人也难以找到住处，"泰勒说。

However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of a local association of realtor. "A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term, " Castle said, "and so it's a cyclical effect. "

然而，短期租赁也为游客提供了住房，当地房地产协会的首席执行官瑞安·卡斯尔指出。"许多工人服务于旅游业，而旅游业则由这些短期来的人服务，"卡斯尔说，"因此这是一个循环效应。"

Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Hom, an expert on affordable housing policy. "I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. If it's their vacation home anyway, and it's just empty, why can't you make money off it?" Hom said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities-de facto hotels--to bypass taxes and regulations. " I think the question is, shouldn't a developer who's really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?" Hom said.

短期租赁本身并不是问题的核心，可负担住房政策专家凯伦·霍姆说。"我认为个人能够出租他们的第二套住房是件好事。如果那本来是他们的度假屋，而且只是空着，为什么不能从中赚钱呢？"霍姆说。然而，当开发商试图创建大型短期租赁设施——实际上是酒店——以规避税收和监管时，问题就出现了。"我认为问题是，一个实际上在建酒店，但伪装成不是酒店的开发商，难道不应该像酒店一样被对待、征税和监管吗？"霍姆说。

At the end of 2018, Governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers. The bill requires every rental host to register with the state , mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy. Boston took things even further, requiring renters to register with the city's Inspectional Services Department.

2018年底，马萨诸塞州州长查理·贝克签署了一项法案，以控制这些潜在的投资者买家。该法案要求每位租赁房东向州政府注册，强制他们购买保险，并为在新州税基础上征收地方税打开了可能性。波士顿更进一步，要求租房者向该市的检查服务部门注册。

Hom said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns, but "if we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more. "

霍姆表示，类似的注册要求可能对困境中的城镇有益，但"如果我们想改变住房市场，主要的是我们必须建造更多的住房。"

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