2023年考研英语一新题型 Part B 原文翻译及答案

A) Last year marked the 150th anniversary of a series · of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William • Henry Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies. Jackson snapped them on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the · head of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician.

去年标志着由著名风景摄影师威廉·亨利·杰克逊拍摄的一系列黄石公园照片的150周年纪念。他捕捉到了如提顿山脉、老忠实泉和科罗拉多落基山脉等地标的首次照片。杰克逊是在19世纪末的一次探险中拍摄这些照片的，该探险由美国领土地质和地理调查局负责人费迪南德·V·海登领导。团队包括一名气象学家、一名动物学家、一名矿物学家和一名农业统计学家。

B) Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to. many U.S.. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts-and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular-came in the form of vivid photographs.

两个世纪前，保护自然而非开发自然的想法对许多美国定居者来说还是新颖的。公众支持土地保护努力——尤其是认识到黄石地区的壮丽——的一个转折点，是以生动照片的形式出现的。

C) As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition's stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran's paintings, to each member of Congress. " The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected, " says Murphy.

作为一名高效的华盛顿操作者，海登意识到他可以利用探险队惊人的视觉材料。他让杰克逊打印出大尺寸的照片，并将它们与莫兰画作的复制品一起分发给每位国会议员。“视觉呈现，特别是那些照片，真正让人明白这是必须保护的东西，”墨菲说。

D) Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the " collodion process" that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment-several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozns of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.

在整个旅程中，杰克逊使用“火棉胶工艺”操作多个相机和不同尺寸的底片，这种工艺要求他用化学混合物涂覆底片，然后曝光并用便携暗房冲洗出图像。这种粗糙的技术需要凭经验猜测曝光时间，并涉及沉重、笨拙的设备——需要几个人协助运输。尽管有这些挑战，杰克逊拍摄了数十张引人注目的照片，从像他现在著名的老忠实泉快照这样的宏伟图像，到营地探险成员的随意肖像。虽然以前探险的老手们详细描述了惊人的小径风景，但这些生动的照片完全是另一回事。

E) The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah on June 8 , 1871. Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.

旅程于1871年6月8日在犹他州奥格登正式开始。在近四个月的时间里，数十人骑马进入蒙大拿州，沿着黄石河穿越，并环游黄石湖。那年秋天，他们在怀俄明州布里杰堡结束了调查。

F) Though Native Americans ( and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area's riches, most Americans did not. That's why Hayden's expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.

尽管美洲原住民（以及后来的矿工和毛皮捕猎者）早已认识到该地区的丰富资源，但大多数美国人并不了解。因此，海登的探险队旨在更全面地了解黄石河地区，从其温泉和瀑布到多样化的动植物。除了随行的科学家外，团队还包括艺术家：画家托马斯·莫兰和摄影师威廉·亨利·杰克逊负责捕捉这惊人的自然美景并与世界分享。

G) The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world's first national park. Soon, some locals opposed the designation. Still, the decision was largely accepted-and Jackson's photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. "I don't believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images, " says Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.

该法案被证明非常受欢迎，并在国会以压倒性多数通过。1872年初，参议院和众议院迅速相继通过了保护黄石的立法。那年3月，尤利西斯·S·格兰特总统签署了一项法案，将黄石确立为世界上第一个国家公园。不久，一些当地人反对这一指定。尽管如此，这一决定在很大程度上被接受——而杰克逊的照片在保护该地区的斗争中发挥了关键作用。“如果没有那些图像，我不相信法律保护会在那个时候发生，”记者兼《先知与大亨、护林员与流氓、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局100年》一书的作者汉森说。

H) Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence that later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team's observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing Senators and Representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.

或许最重要的是，这些图像提供了后来传递给政府官员的文件证据。探险结束几周后，海登将他团队的观察整理成一份详尽的报告，旨在说服参议员和众议员，以及内政部等政府机构的同事，黄石应该得到保护。