2022年06月四级第2套听力原文及答案解析

News Report 1.

新闻报道1。

A new study finds that beverages containing added sugar might be harmful.

一项新研究发现，含有添加糖的饮料可能有害。

In the study, researchers analysed information from over 80,000 women and 37,000 men.

在这项研究中，研究人员分析了超过8万名女性和3.7万名男性的信息。

Participants worked in the health profession.

参与者从事健康相关职业。

They were followed for approximately three decades.

他们被跟踪调查了大约三十年。

They completed surveys about their diet every four years.

他们每四年完成一次关于饮食的调查问卷。

They also answered questions about sleep and exercise and health every two years.

他们还每两年回答一次关于睡眠、锻炼和健康的问题。

The more beverages containing added sugar that people drank, the greater their risk of death was during the study period.

在研究期间，人们饮用的含有添加糖的饮料越多，死亡风险就越大。

These beverages included soda, energy drinks and sports drinks.

这些饮料包括苏打水、能量饮料和运动饮料。

Beverages like pure fruit juice, which are sweet but do not contain added sugar, were not part of the study.

像纯果汁这样甜但不含添加糖的饮料，不在这项研究范围内。

The findings held even after the researchers considered other factors that could affect people's health.

即使在研究人员考虑了其他可能影响健康的因素后，这些发现仍然成立。

These factors included lack of exercise and not eating enough vegetables.

这些因素包括缺乏锻炼和蔬菜摄入不足。

They also included consuming too much meat.

它们还包括肉类摄入过多。

The scientists say that their results support limiting beverages with added sugar.

科学家们表示，他们的研究结果支持限制饮用含有添加糖的饮料。

They argue we should replace them with other drinks, with water being the best choice.

他们认为我们应该用其他饮料替代它们，而水是最佳选择。

However, the researchers admit this is simply their recommendation.

然而，研究人员承认这仅仅是他们的建议。

The study found only an association.

研究仅发现了一种关联。

It did not prove that drinks with added sugar cause early death.

它并未证明含添加糖的饮料会导致早逝。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和2基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. What do we learn about the new study from the news report?

问题1：从新闻报道中，我们了解到这项新研究的哪些信息？

Question 2. What is the scientist's recommendation?

问题2：科学家的建议是什么？

News report 2.

新闻报道2。

German police appealed Friday for information about the possible owners of two 17th century oil paintings.

德国警方周五呼吁提供关于两幅17世纪油画可能所有者的信息。

Police said a 64-year-old man found the paintings in a garbage pile at a highway rest stop last month.

警方称，一名64岁男子上个月在高速公路休息站的垃圾堆中发现了这些画作。

He later handed them in to the Cologne police.

他后来将它们上交给了科隆警方。

An initial assessment by an art expert concluded the two framed paintings were originals, police said.

警方称，一位艺术专家的初步评估得出结论，这两幅带框的画作是真品。

One is a landscape painted by the Italian artist Pietro Bellotti, dating to 1665.

一幅是由意大利艺术家彼得罗·贝洛蒂绘制的风景画，创作于1665年。

The other is a painting of a boy by the 17th century Dutch artist Samuel van Hoogstraden, date unknown.

另一幅是17世纪荷兰艺术家塞缪尔·范·霍格斯特拉登绘制的男孩肖像，日期不详。

Their combined worth is estimated to be around 1 million euros.

它们的总价值估计约为100万欧元。

Authorities have not yet confirmed what will happen if the rightful owner is not found.

当局尚未确认如果找不到合法所有者将会发生什么。

Nevertheless, it is speculated that they could either be handed over to the National Art Museum of Cologne, or sold to the public by the local government.

然而，据推测，它们可能会被移交给科隆国家美术馆，或者由当地政府向公众出售。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题3和4基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What did German police say about a 64-year-old man?

问题3. 德国警方对一名64岁男子有何说法？

Question 4. What is the art expert's conclusion about the two framed paintings?

问题4. 艺术专家对这两幅带框画作有何结论？

News report 3.

新闻报道3。

A four-year-old girl has walked eight kilometers through a snowy forest to seek help for her sick grandmother, who later died of a heart attack.

一名四岁女孩在雪地森林中步行八公里，为她生病的祖母寻求帮助，但祖母后来因心脏病发作去世。

The young girl braved the threat of bears, wolves, and temperatures far below freezing.

这个小女孩勇敢面对熊、狼以及远低于冰点的气温的威胁。

She made the journey through a remote region in Siberia.

她穿越了西伯利亚的一个偏远地区。

after waking up to find her grandmother motionless.

醒来后发现祖母一动不动。

Named locally as Karla, she lives alone with her elderly grandmother and her blind grandfather.

在当地被称为Karla的她，独自与年迈的祖母和失明的祖父生活在一起。

As a result, the girl's mother is facing a criminal case.

因此，这个女孩的母亲正面临刑事案件。

She stands accused of leaving a minor in danger in the care of the elderly.

她被指控将未成年人置于危险之中，交由老年人照料。

She also faces investigation from child care services, who will also be asking why Karla was left alone with her vulnerable relatives.

她还面临儿童福利机构的调查，该机构也会询问为何Karla被单独留下与脆弱的亲人在一起。

The journey took place in February, when temperatures average negative 26 degrees Celsius.

这次旅程发生在二月，当时平均气温为零下26摄氏度。

Russian reports on social media suggest the forest may have been as cold as negative 34 degrees Celsius.

俄罗斯社交媒体上的报道称，森林温度可能低至零下34摄氏度。

The journey was only recently confirmed by authorities.

这次旅程直到最近才得到当局的确认。

But though she was suffering from the effects of extreme cold, the child reportedly suffered no life-threatening effects.

但尽管她遭受了极寒的影响，据报道，这个孩子没有受到危及生命的影响。

Last year, a three-year-old boy survived alone for three days in a remote forest in the same region.

去年，一名三岁男孩在同一地区的偏远森林中独自存活了三天。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5到7基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What did the four-year-old girl attempt to do?

问题5。这个四岁女孩试图做什么？

Question 6. What do we learn from the news report about the girl's mother?

问题6。从新闻报道中我们了解到关于女孩母亲的什么？

Question 7. What happened to the little girl according to the news report?

问题7。根据新闻报道，这个小女孩发生了什么？

Conversation 1.

对话1。

F: I've made a new friend recently.

我最近交了一个新朋友。

F: Her name is Susan and she's from South Africa.

她叫Susan，来自南非。

M: How did you meet her?

你怎么认识她的？

F: We met over WeChat.

我们通过微信认识的。

F: She has very cool photos on her social media.

她在社交媒体上有很酷的照片。

F: The photos of her hometown look amazing.

她家乡的照片看起来很美。

M: What's her hometown called?

她家乡叫什么？

F: It's called Cape Town.

叫开普敦。

F: It's in the southwest of South Africa.

它在南非的西南部。

F: She says it's very green and windy.

她说那里很绿，风很大。

F: The city was built by European settlers and there's a big mountain that overlooks the city.

这座城市由欧洲移民建造，有一座大山俯瞰城市。

F: The mountain is called Table Mountain because it's flat at the top.

这座山叫桌山，因为山顶是平的。

M: That sounds interesting.

听起来很有趣。

M: What are the people there like?

那里的人怎么样？

F: Well, Susan says South Africa is very mixed.

嗯，Susan说南非很混杂。

F: There are black people and white people and Indian people.

有黑人、白人和印度人。

F: Susan is white.

Susan是白人。

F: She says her ancestors were from Britain.

她说她的祖先来自英国。

F: Many languages are spoken in South Africa but she only speaks English.

南非有很多语言，但她只说英语。

M: Didn't South Africa host the Football World Cup a few years ago?

南非不是几年前举办过足球世界杯吗？

M: They must play football a lot then, right?

那他们一定经常踢足球，对吧？

F: I think they play football but it's not as popular as rugby.

我认为他们踢足球，但不如橄榄球受欢迎。

M: Rugby?

橄榄球？

M: What's rugby?

什么是橄榄球？

F: Rugby is a sport with two teams and the players carry the ball in their arms and throw it at each other.

橄榄球是一项两队运动，球员用手臂抱球并互相投掷。

F: The ball is not round and the players push each other.

球不是圆的，球员互相推搡。

F: I don't really understand the rules.

我不太理解规则。

F: I think it's very complicated.

我认为它很复杂。

M: That sounds like a very strange sport indeed.

那听起来确实是一项很奇怪的运动。

M: Is it only South Africa that plays it?

只有南非玩这项运动吗？

F: No, it's also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies like Australia and New Zealand.

不，它在英国和其他前英国殖民地如澳大利亚和新西兰也很受欢迎。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题8到11基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 8. What does the woman say about her new friend Susan?

问题8. 女士对她的新朋友Susan说了什么？

Question 9. What does the woman say about Table Mountain?

问题9. 女士对桌山说了什么？

Question 10. What do we learn from the conversation about the woman's friend Susan?

问题10. 从对话中我们了解到女士的朋友Susan的什么信息？

Question 11. What does the woman say about rugby in South Africa?

问题11. 女士对南非的橄榄球说了什么？

Conversation 2.

对话2。

M: Hi Jennifer.

嗨，珍妮弗。

M: I'm really struggling with this semester's workload.

这个学期的课业压力真的让我很吃力。

M: Do you have any advice?

你有什么建议吗？

F: Have you considered making a study guide?

你考虑过制作学习指南吗？

F: It's a tool you can make yourself to take the stress out of studying.

这是一个你可以自己制作的工具，用来减轻学习压力。

F: I've been using one since the start of last semester and it has really helped relieve a lot of study pressure.

我从上学期初就开始使用它，它确实帮助我缓解了很多学习压力。

M: Sounds like just what I need.

听起来正是我需要的。

M: My main problem is that my study folder is full of notes and worksheets and is badly disorganised.

我的主要问题是，我的学习文件夹里塞满了笔记和练习纸，而且非常杂乱。

M: I don't know where to start.

我不知道从哪里开始。

F: OK.

好的。

F: Well, the main thing is to have everything in the right place.

嗯，关键是把所有东西都放在正确的位置。

F: Whatever you're reviewing, it's important that it's arranged for your particular needs of that subject and in the most user-friendly way you can.

无论你在复习什么，重要的是要根据你对该科目的特定需求来安排，并以最用户友好的方式进行。

F: What kind of learner are you?

你是什么类型的学习者？

M: Hmm.

嗯。

M: I'm not sure.

我不确定。

F: Well, visual learners prefer using images, pictures, colours and maps to organise information.

视觉学习者更喜欢使用图像、图片、颜色和地图来组织信息。

F: Logical learners have a linear mind and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems.

逻辑学习者思维线性，更倾向于使用逻辑、推理和系统。

F: I'm an emotional learner, which means I need to connect to information emotionally to understand it.

我是情感学习者，这意味着我需要情感上与信息联系起来才能理解它。

M: Oh.

哦。

M: I'm very much dependent on vision as a way of taking in information.

我非常依赖视觉来吸收信息。

F: Well, I suggest reorganising your notes using colour-coded sections in your study guides or using idea mapping to lay out the information and make it more quickly accessible.

嗯，我建议在你的学习指南中使用颜色编码的部分重新组织笔记，或者使用思维导图来布局信息，使其更容易快速访问。

M: So you think I should arrange my notes using colour and pictures in place of text?

所以你认为我应该用颜色和图片代替文本来整理笔记？

F: Yes.

是的。

F: You'll probably start to grasp information a lot quicker that way.

这样你可能会更快地掌握信息。

F: As an emotional learner, I organise my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself.

作为情感学习者，我把笔记组织成一个我可以联系并背诵给自己听的故事。

M: That's amazing.

太棒了。

M: I didn't know there were so many different ways to learn.

我不知道有这么多不同的学习方式。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题12到15基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 12. What does the woman advise the man do?

问题12. 女士建议男士做什么？

Question 13. What is the biggest problem the man has with his studies?

问题13. 男士在学习上遇到的最大问题是什么？

Question 14. What kind of learner does the woman say she is?

问题14. 女士说她是什么类型的学习者？

Question 15. What does the woman think the man can do with his notes?

问题15. 女士认为男士可以用他的笔记做什么？

Passage 1.

文章一。

The Golden Rule is a moral principle which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself.

黄金法则是一条道德原则，它指出你应该以自己希望被对待的方式对待他人。

For example, if you want people to treat you with respect, you should treat them with respect.

例如，如果你希望人们尊重你，你就应该尊重他们。

Different people tend to be exposed to different forms of the Golden Rule, based on factors such as the religion in their society.

不同的人往往会接触到不同形式的黄金法则，这取决于他们社会中的宗教等因素。

However, all forms of the Golden Rule revolve around the same concept.

然而，所有形式的黄金法则都围绕着同一个概念。

Namely, they help you treat others better by using the way you yourself would want to be treated as a guide of how to behave.

也就是说，它们通过使用你自己希望被对待的方式作为行为指南，来帮助你更好地对待他人。

A notable criticism of the Golden Rule is that its application can lead to undesirable outcomes when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles.

黄金法则的一个显著批评是，当它与法律和道德原则冲突时，其应用可能导致不良后果。

For example, if someone breaks the law, the Golden Rule would suggest that we should let them go, because we would not want to be punished ourselves.

例如，如果有人犯了法，黄金法则会建议我们应该放过他们，因为我们自己不想受到惩罚。

However, this issue with the Golden Rule can be dealt with in a general manner, by viewing this principle as one of several principles that we use to guide our behaviour as individuals and as a society.

然而，黄金法则的这个问题可以通过一种普遍的方式处理，即将这一原则视为我们用来指导个人和社会行为的众多原则之一。

Specifically, in the example described above, most individuals and societies choose to place laws and ethical principles above the Golden Rule.

具体来说，在上述例子中，大多数个人和社会选择将法律和道德原则置于黄金法则之上。

This means that they strive to implement the Golden Rule whenever possible, as long as it doesn't clash with a more important concept.

这意味着他们努力在可能的情况下实施黄金法则，只要它不与更重要的概念冲突。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚才听到的段落。

Question 16. What do we learn from the passage about the Golden Rule?

问题16. 从段落中我们了解到关于黄金法则的什么？

Question 17. What is a notable criticism of the Golden Rule?

问题17. 黄金法则的一个显著批评是什么？

Question 18. What does the example of someone breaking the law serve to show?

问题18. 有人犯法的例子旨在说明什么？

Passage 2.

段落2。

Today, many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites.

今天，许多大公司在其网站上强调多样性的重要性。

But current statistics show that the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male.

但当前的统计数据显示，美国典型的经理人仍然倾向于白人和男性。

Obviously, the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality.

显然，实现多样性的愿望并未转化为企业的现实。

Why is this?

为什么会这样？

A team of researchers from the University of Basel published their new study about people's attitudes towards diversity at work.

来自巴塞尔大学的一个研究团队发表了他们关于人们对工作中多样性态度的新研究。

They found that people have a wide range of opinions concerning diversity.

他们发现，人们对多样性有广泛的意见。

On the one hand, many see value in diversity, which can contribute a variety of perspectives, encourage new ideas, and generate innovative solutions.

一方面，许多人看到多样性的价值，它可以带来多种观点，鼓励新想法，并产生创新的解决方案。

On the other hand, they assume that it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views, speaks a different language, or has a different style of work.

另一方面，他们认为与观点完全不同、说不同语言或工作风格不同的人合作可能很困难。

The actual value they attribute to diversity depends on the decision-making perspective.

他们赋予多样性的实际价值取决于决策视角。

Doubts about the practicability of diversity have a greater weight if a person is directly affected.

如果一个人直接受到影响，对多样性的可行性的疑虑会有更大的权重。

In other words, when a person's own work group is involved, they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves.

换句话说，当涉及个人自身的工作团队时，他们倾向于喜欢与自己相似的团队成员。

But when people make decisions for others, they typically put together a more diverse team.

但当人们为他人做决策时，他们通常会组建一个更多样化的团队。

These findings could help organizations become more diverse.

这些发现可以帮助组织变得更加多样化。

Companies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and team decisions.

公司需要关注谁做出招聘和团队决策。

These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected.

这些决策不应仅由那些直接受影响的人做出。

People who are not directly involved in the group's daily work should also take part.

那些不直接参与小组日常工作的人也应该参与。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题19至21基于你刚才听到的段落。

Question 19. What do we learn from the current statistics about diversity in large corporations?

问题19。从当前统计中，我们了解到大公司多样性的什么情况？

Question 20. What is the newly published study focused on?

问题20。新发表的研究聚焦于什么？

Question 21. What do the findings of the new study show?

问题21。新研究的发现表明了什么？

Passage 3.

第3篇。

Communication can essentially be divided into two categories, the written and the spoken.

沟通本质上可以分为书面和口头两类。

How the balance is struck between these two forms of communication, the point at which one needs to be exchanged for another, really depends on individual cultures.

如何在两种沟通形式之间取得平衡，何时需要从一种形式转换到另一种，实际上取决于不同文化。

Understanding when it's appropriate to exchange one form for another can be a major key to success in international business.

理解何时适合从一种形式转换到另一种，可能是国际商务成功的一个关键因素。

Many cultures place a much greater value on the spoken word than the American working culture does.

许多文化比美国工作文化更重视口头言语。

In parts of the Middle East, you'll find spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding.

在中东的部分地区，你会发现口头协议被视为具有严肃约束力。

A person's word is linked to their honor, so verbal agreements are seen as important, whereas written contracts are taken as memos of understanding.

一个人的言语与其荣誉相关，因此口头协议被视为重要，而书面合同则被当作谅解备忘录。

Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word, and this reaches its highest level of intensity when it comes to contracts.

西方工作文化倾向于高度重视书面文字，当涉及合同时，这种重视达到最高程度。

In the US, France and Germany, written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out.

在美国、法国和德国，书面合同往往被视为必须严格遵守的东西。

By contrast, other cultures may not see written contracts as quite so binding.

相比之下，其他文化可能不认为书面合同具有如此强的约束力。

It can prove a challenge to Western businesses if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on.

如果你的商业伙伴想要重新谈判你认为已经达成一致的条款，这对西方企业来说可能是一个挑战。

For example, a Japanese firm may have signed a contract, but they may not feel bound by every detail of it, particularly if circumstances later change.

例如，一家日本公司可能已经签署了合同，但他们可能不觉得受合同的每个细节约束，尤其是当情况后来发生变化时。

Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.

不同工作文化对书面文字价值的这种差异，往往会在商业关系中引发许多问题。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题22至25基于你刚才听到的文章。

Question 22. What is a major key to success in international business, according to the passage?

问题22。根据文章，什么是国际商务成功的一个关键因素？

Question 23. What does the passage say about spoken word agreements in some Middle East countries?

问题23。文章关于一些中东国家的口头协议说了什么？

Question 24. What do we learn about the Western working culture?

问题24。我们了解到西方工作文化的什么？

Question 25. How does a Japanese firm tend to view a written contract? That's the end of Listening Comprehension.

问题25。一家日本公司倾向于如何看待书面合同？听力理解到此结束。