2024年12月四级第2套听力原文及答案解析

News Report 1.

新闻报道1。

Across the US, families are looking to the winter with fear as energy costs soar.

在美国各地，随着能源成本飙升，家庭对这个冬天充满恐惧。

A number of factors are creating a bad situation.

许多因素正在造成糟糕的局面。

Global energy consumption is up, but supplies have been reduced.

全球能源消耗在上升，但供应已经减少。

The Energy Department projects heating bills will jump 28% this winter, for those who rely on natural gas.

能源部预计，对于依赖天然气的家庭，今冬取暖费用将上涨28%。

Natural gas is used by nearly half of US households for heat.

近一半的美国家庭使用天然气取暖。

Heating oil is projected to be 27% higher and electricity 10% higher.

取暖油预计将上涨27%，电力上涨10%。

That comes against inflation rates that accelerated last month, with consumer prices growing 6.

这发生在上个月通胀率加速的背景下，消费者价格上涨了6%。

That's the fastest pace in four decades.

这是四十年来最快的速度。

The pain will be especially acute in parts of the country that heavily rely on heating oil to keep homes warm.

这种痛苦在那些严重依赖取暖油来保暖的家庭中将尤为尖锐。

It's projected to cost more than $2,300 to heat a typical home with heating oil this winter.

预计今冬使用取暖油为典型家庭供暖的费用将超过2300美元。

Last month, the federal government added $1 billion in funding to Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, bringing the total to $4.

上个月，联邦政府向低收入家庭能源援助计划增加了10亿美元资金，使总额达到40亿。

8 billion.

80亿美元。

But that represents a reduction from last year's energy assistance package of over $8 billion.

但这代表了相比去年超过80亿美元的能源援助计划有所减少。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和2基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. Why are families across the US looking to this winter with fear?

问题1. 为什么美国家庭对这个冬天充满恐惧？

Question 2. What did the federal government do last month?

问题2. 联邦政府上个月做了什么？

News Report 2.

新闻报道2。

Many Americans think they make healthy food choices, but they may be viewing their diet too optimistically.

许多美国人认为他们做出了健康的饮食选择，但他们可能过于乐观地看待自己的饮食。

That's the main finding of a new study by researchers at the US Department of Agriculture in Stoneville, Mississippi.

这是美国农业部在密西西比州斯通维尔的研究人员一项新研究的主要发现。

The study aimed to identify disconnects between how healthily Americans think they eat and how they actually do.

这项研究旨在找出美国人自认为的健康饮食与实际饮食之间的脱节。

For the study, the researchers asked participants to rate their diet as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor.

在研究中，研究人员要求参与者将他们的饮食评为优秀、非常好、好、一般或差。

Folks also completed 24-hour food questionnaires.

参与者还填写了24小时食物问卷。

Then, the researchers compared answers to see how well responses to the two exercises matched up.

然后，研究人员比较了答案，以查看两项练习的响应匹配程度。

Of more than 9,700 people, roughly 85 % were off-base when asked to rate the quality of their diet, and almost all overestimated how healthy it was.

在超过9,700人中，大约85%的人在被要求评价饮食质量时偏离了实际，并且几乎所有人都高估了其健康程度。

Those who rated their diet as poor tended to be far more accurate.

那些将自己饮食评为差的人往往准确得多。

Their rating matched that of the researchers more than 9 times out of 10.

他们的评级与研究人员的评级在十次中有超过九次匹配。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题3和4基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What is the main finding of a new study about many Americans?

问题3。关于许多美国人的一项新研究的主要发现是什么？

Question 4. Who tended to rate their diet more accurately in the survey?

问题4。在调查中，谁更倾向于准确评价自己的饮食？

News Report 3.

新闻报道3。

It was a heartwarming moment that dozens of Indian rescuers rallied together to use a crane in order to save an elephant trapped at the bottom of a 20-foot well.

数十名印度救援人员齐心协力使用起重机，以拯救一只被困在20英尺深井底的大象，这是一个温暖人心的时刻。

The massive rescue effort took place last week close to an army camp.

这次大规模的救援行动发生在上周，靠近一个军营。

The elephant wandered out of the jungle and fell into the well.

那只大象从丛林中游荡出来，掉进了井里。

The army officers heard a noise coming from the well and realized an elephant was trapped deep inside.

军官们听到井里传来的声音，意识到有一只大象被困在深处。

The officers then threw in some food for the creature and called the local forest department for help.

随后，军官们向井里扔了一些食物给这只动物，并呼叫当地林业部门寻求帮助。

Video of the rescue operation shows how the team used a crane to lift up the huge animal out of the well and onto the back of a truck.

救援行动的视频显示了团队如何使用起重机将这只巨大的动物从井中吊起，放到卡车的后部。

It was then taken to an examining room for evaluation of any injuries.

然后，它被带到检查室进行伤势评估。

The elephant was kept under close supervision for a few days before it was successfully released back into the wild.

这只大象在被成功放归野外之前，被严密监督了几天。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5到7基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What does the report say dozens of Indians did last week?

问题5。报道说数十名印度人上周做了什么？

Question 6. Why did the army officers call the local forest department?

问题6。为什么军官们呼叫当地林业部门？

Question 7. What does the news report say happened finally?

问题7。新闻报道说最后发生了什么？

Conversation 1.

对话1。

M: I need to stop at the bank to withdraw some cash.

我需要在银行停一下，取一些现金。

F: Why not just pay with your phone?

为什么不直接用手机支付呢？

M: Well, actually, I've stopped using online payments for the past three months now.

嗯，实际上，我已经三个月没有使用在线支付了。

F: Stopped paying online?

停止在线支付了？

F: Oh, you must be worried that online payments aren't secure.

哦，你一定是担心在线支付不安全。

M: No, they are safe.

不，它们是安全的。

M: But paying online is too convenient and I spent too much money on things I didn't need.

但在线支付太方便了，我花了很多钱在不需要的东西上。

F: Oh, impulse purchases can be an issue for me too.

哦，冲动购物对我也是个问题。

F: I've definitely bought clothes and shoes I didn't need because they were on sale and paying with my phone was so easy.

我确实买过不需要的衣服和鞋子，因为它们在打折，而且用手机支付太容易了。

F: But I've found that if I review my spending every night, that keeps me from spending too much.

但我发现，如果我每晚检查我的开支，这能防止我花钱过多。

M: I tried that strategy, but it just didn't work because I'd be busy studying all day.

我试过那个策略，但就是不管用，因为我一整天都在忙着学习。

M: Then when I was tired and hungry, I'd use my phone to order food like burgers and other junk instead of going to the canteen where I could get a healthier meal for half the price.

然后当我又累又饿时，我会用手机点汉堡和其他垃圾食品，而不是去食堂，在那里我可以花一半的价格吃到更健康的饭菜。

F: Well, what do you do now then?

那么，你现在怎么做呢？

F: It seems like you'd have the same problems with cash.

似乎用现金也会有同样的问题。

M: I go to the bank once a week and the rest of the time I keep my bank card at home so I can't get more cash out.

我每周去一次银行，其余时间我把银行卡放在家里，这样我就不能取出更多现金。

M: And I also have a notebook where I record my expenses.

而且我还有一个笔记本记录我的开支。

F: But what prevents you from just going to the bank and getting more money if you want to buy something?

但如果你想买东西，是什么阻止你直接去银行取更多钱呢？

M: The first month I did withdraw extra cash twice, but I felt guilty about it and after that I refused to spend more than what I had budgeted.

第一个月我确实两次取了额外的现金，但我对此感到内疚，之后我拒绝花费超过预算的钱。

M: By now, it's just a habit.

到现在，这只是一个习惯。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题8到11基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 8. Why has the man stopped paying online for the last three months?

问题8. 为什么那个男人在过去三个月里停止了在线支付？

Question 9. What problem does the woman say she may also have?

问题9. 那个女人说她可能也有什么问题？

Question 10. What does the man say he could do at the canteen?

问题10. 那个男人说他能在食堂做什么？

Question 11. What is now just a habit for the man?

问题11. 对那个男人来说，现在只是一个习惯的是什么？

Conversation 2.

对话二。

F: Please hear me out.

请听我说完。

F: I don't want our son to spend his afternoons doing something he hates, even if it might prepare him for the future.

我不想让我们的儿子把下午时间花在做他讨厌的事情上，即使这可能会为他的未来做准备。

M: What about getting him to join a sport like soccer?

让他参加像足球这样的运动怎么样？

M: From all the running and training he could become quite athletic, not to mention the great physical benefits from exercising outside every day.

通过所有的跑步和训练，他可能会变得相当健壮，更不用说每天户外锻炼带来的巨大身体益处。

F: I don't think he should be doing something so challenging with all his breathing issues.

鉴于他的呼吸问题，我认为他不应该做如此具有挑战性的事情。

F: What about playing an indoor sport like badminton?

打羽毛球这样的室内运动怎么样？

F: The environment is easier to control and he can still get a good workout, in addition to improving his hand-eye coordination.

环境更容易控制，他仍然可以得到很好的锻炼，此外还能提高他的手眼协调能力。

F: Besides, I could teach him some of the basics from my time as a badminton player.

此外，我可以根据我作为羽毛球运动员的经验教他一些基础知识。

M: I'm thinking team sports should be the way to go.

我认为团队运动应该是合适的选择。

M: There's nothing like playing as part of a unit to accomplish a goal like winning a game or even a championship.

没有什么比作为团队的一部分去实现目标，如赢得比赛甚至冠军，更棒的了。

M: He could try basketball since many of the courts are indoors now and it's a sport that could help him understand team spirit while cooperating with others.

他可以尝试篮球，因为现在很多球场都在室内，而且这项运动可以帮助他理解团队精神，同时学会与他人合作。

M: Maybe he could even join the school basketball team when he's ready.

也许他甚至可以在准备好时加入学校篮球队。

F: Oh, oh, what about volleyball?

哦，哦，排球怎么样？

F: It's a team sport and they often have mixed-gender teams so he could socialize with both girls and boys.

这是一项团队运动，他们经常有男女混合队，所以他可以与女孩和男孩交往。

F: It's not as popular as some sports, which means he has better odds of possibly getting an athletic scholarship in the future.

它不如一些运动流行，这意味着他未来获得体育奖学金的几率可能更大。

F: I also believe you were a beach volleyball athlete yourself not so long ago.

我也相信不久前你自己就是一名沙滩排球运动员。

M: As I've said many times before, beach volleyball and indoor volleyball are completely different.

正如我之前多次说过的，沙滩排球和室内排球是完全不同的。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题12到15基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 12. Why is the woman opposed to their son joining a sport like soccer?

问题12。为什么这位女士反对他们的儿子参加像足球这样的运动？

Question 13. What does the man suggest their son try in order to understand team spirit?

问题13。这位男士建议他们的儿子尝试什么以理解团队精神？

Question 14. What is one of the woman's considerations in choosing a sport for her son?

问题14。在为儿子选择运动时，这位女士的一个考虑因素是什么？

Question 15. What does the man say about beach volleyball?

问题15。这位男士对沙滩排球说了什么？

Passage 1.

文章一。

Liftoff is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes.

发射通常是任何太空任务中对环境危害最大的阶段，大量燃料在几分钟内被消耗殆尽。

For instance, SpaceX's Falcon 9 gets through 112 tons of refined fuel, emitting about 336 tons of CO2.

例如，SpaceX的Falcon 9消耗112吨精炼燃料，排放约336吨二氧化碳。

This is the equivalent produced by your average car driving almost 70 times around the world.

这相当于一辆普通汽车行驶近70圈地球所产生的排放量。

As well as greenhouse gases, rocket engines emit particles that destroy ozone.

除了温室气体，火箭发动机还会排放破坏臭氧的颗粒物。

These issues are growing more pressing with the emergence of commercial spaceflight.

随着商业航天的出现，这些问题变得更加紧迫。

There were 114 space launches in 2020, but there may be up to 1,000 per year in future.

2020年有114次太空发射，但未来每年可能高达1000次。

Sustainable fuels are the top priority to enable greener space travel.

可持续燃料是实现更环保太空旅行的首要任务。

Current spacecraft use a variety of fuels, but most are based on fossil fuels.

当前的航天器使用多种燃料，但大多数基于化石燃料。

One potentially greener option is liquid hydrogen and oxygen.

一个潜在的更环保选项是液态氢和氧。

Hydrogen can be obtained sustainably by using solar power to break water down into oxygen and hydrogen.

通过使用太阳能将水分解成氧和氢，可以可持续地获得氢气。

Reusable rockets can cut down on some of the waste associated with spaceflight.

可重复使用的火箭可以减少太空飞行产生的一些废物。

Traditionally, boosters, fuel tanks and other components are treated as expendable, but guiding them back to Earth in a controlled manner opens new possibilities.

传统上，助推器、燃料箱和其他组件被视为一次性使用，但以可控方式将它们引导回地球开辟了新的可能性。

Most components from the Falcon 9 can be reused up to 100 times.

Falcon 9的大多数组件可重复使用高达100次。

Truly environmentally friendly space travel is still some way off, but we already have many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planet.

真正环保的太空旅行还有一段路要走，但我们已经拥有许多所需技术来开始限制其对地球的影响。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚才听到的文章。

Question 16. What do we learn from the passage about the liftoff of spacecraft?

问题16. 关于航天器的发射，我们从文章中学到了什么？

Question 17. What happens traditionally to boosters, fuel tanks and other components in spaceflight?

问题17. 在太空飞行中，助推器、燃料箱和其他组件传统上如何处理？

Question 18. What does the passage say we already have regarding spaceflight?

问题18. 文章说我们在太空飞行方面已经拥有什么？

Passage 2.

文章二。

Helping to look after a pet can facilitate numerous aspects of a child's emotional development.

帮助照顾宠物可以促进儿童情感发展的多个方面。

Research shows that reading to a loyal and non-judgmental companion, such as a dog or cat, can encourage reluctant readers to read aloud, which will in turn boost their self-confidence.

研究表明，向一个忠诚且不评判的伴侣（如狗或猫）朗读，可以鼓励不愿朗读的孩子大声朗读，这反过来会增强他们的自信心。

Having a companion to talk to about their feelings can also help children feel secure and develop communication skills.

有一个可以倾诉感受的伴侣也能帮助儿童感到安全并发展沟通技巧。

A household pet can also cultivate a child's sense of responsibility as their parent explains the necessary processes of keeping their pet happy and healthy.

家庭宠物还可以培养儿童的责任感，因为父母会解释保持宠物快乐和健康的必要过程。

As a child matures, they can then take on more of the daily responsibilities, boosting their sense of independence.

随着儿童成熟，他们可以承担更多的日常责任，从而增强他们的独立感。

Pets also provide a fantastic subject for research and learning.

宠物还为研究和学习提供了一个绝佳的主题。

Parents can encourage their child to research their favorite pets at the library or during a supervised internet search.

父母可以鼓励孩子在图书馆或在有监督的互联网搜索中研究他们最喜欢的宠物。

Taking children along to the pet shop to buy food and supplies will support their cognitive development as their passion for learning flourishes.

带孩子去宠物店购买食物和用品将支持他们的认知发展，因为他们对学习的热情蓬勃发展。

A child's physical development can benefit greatly from taking pets for walks in the fresh air.

儿童的身体发展可以从在新鲜空气中带宠物散步中受益匪浅。

Even their fine motor skills can be utilized in taking care of a beloved animal.

即使是他们的精细运动技能也可以用于照顾心爱的动物。

When responsibilities are well paced and communicated, a child can benefit greatly from involvement in bringing up a happy and healthy pet.

当责任节奏适当且沟通良好时，儿童可以从参与养育一只快乐健康的宠物中受益匪浅。

And of course, if a child doesn't have a pet in their own household, they can still benefit from all of the above when visiting a friend who does.

当然，如果儿童自己家里没有宠物，当他们拜访有宠物的朋友时，仍然可以从以上所有方面受益。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题19到21基于你刚才听到的文章。

Question 19. What does research show about reading to a loyal and non-judgmental companion?

问题19. 研究表明向一个忠诚且不评判的伴侣朗读会怎样？

Question 20. How can parents make pets a fantastic subject for their children's research and learning?

问题20. 父母如何让宠物成为孩子们研究和学习的绝佳主题？

Question 21. How can children still benefit even when their family doesn't have a pet?

问题21. 即使家里没有宠物，儿童如何仍然受益？

Passage 3.

第三段。

A new bill in the Ohio legislature would require state public colleges and universities to send prospective students a packet of information.

俄亥俄州立法机构的一项新法案将要求州立公立学院和大学向准学生发送一包信息。

This would include costs of college, grants, and scholarships.

这将包括大学的费用、助学金和奖学金。

It would also include expected monthly loan payments and projected salary after college.

它还将包括预期的月供贷款还款和大学后的预计薪资。

State Representative Adam Matthews is one of the two legislators who proposed the bill.

州众议员亚当·马修斯是提出该法案的两名立法者之一。

He said it would give prospective students more information about what to expect once they graduate.

他说这将给准学生更多关于毕业后预期的信息。

Putting that information in front of them will give them the best opportunity to match their skills and their dreams to what our schools can provide, said Matthews.

马修斯说，将这些信息摆在他们面前，将给予他们最佳机会，使他们的技能和梦想与我们学校所能提供的相匹配。

He notes that the state can only regulate public institutions in this way, but he hopes private institutions in Ohio follow the lead of the state and post similar information.

他指出，州只能以这种方式监管公立机构，但他希望俄亥俄州的私立机构跟随州的做法，发布类似信息。

He believes giving out this information will help Ohio's colleges and universities to be more competitive.

他认为发布这些信息将帮助俄亥俄州的学院和大学更具竞争力。

The information will highlight what a great value they have for their very reasonable cost.

信息将凸显，以合理的成本，他们提供的巨大价值。

Ohio's schools are already competitive.

俄亥俄州的学校已经具有竞争力。

The state attracts more undergraduate students than it sends to colleges out of state.

该州吸引的本科生比送往州外大学的还多。

Many colleges and universities currently provide similar information on their websites.

目前，许多学院和大学在其网站上提供类似信息。

This includes tuition, fees, graduation rates, and more.

这包括学费、费用、毕业率等。

But students need to search for the information.

但学生需要搜索这些信息。

This bill would require the universities and colleges to send a packet directly to students.

这项法案将要求大学和学院直接向学生发送一包信息。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题22至25基于你刚才听到的文章。

Question 22. What would the new bill in the Ohio legislature require public colleges and universities to do?

问题22。俄亥俄州立法机构的新法案将要求公立学院和大学做什么？

Question 23. What can the state only do, according to Adam Matthews?

问题23。根据亚当·马修斯，州只能做什么？

Question 24. What do we learn about Ohio's schools from the passage?

问题24。从文章中，我们了解到俄亥俄州的学校什么？

Question 25. What is the problem with schools providing information on their websites? That's the end of Listening Comprehension.

问题25。学校在其网站上提供信息的问题是什么？听力理解到此结束。