2024年12月四级第1套听力原文及答案解析

News Report 1.

新闻报道1。

The city of Fayetteville is making a special effort to recognize its bus drivers ahead of the newly proclaimed Transit Driver Appreciation Day, happening Saturday.

费耶特维尔市正在特别努力表彰其公交车司机，以迎接新宣布的公共交通司机感谢日，该活动将于周六举行。

As part of the event, the city is celebrating its longest-serving driver on the force.

作为活动的一部分，该市正在庆祝车队中服务时间最长的司机。

That driver is Sherry Christian.

那位司机是雪莉·克里斯蒂安。

Christian has been a driver for 25 years.

克里斯蒂安已经当了25年的司机。

The Fayetteville native believes driving a school bus allows her to give back to her community.

这位费耶特维尔本地人认为，驾驶校车让她能够回馈社区。

She says that the best part of the job is watching the children who ride her bus grow up.

她说，工作中最美好的部分是看着乘坐她校车的孩子们长大。

Transit Driver Appreciation Day has been celebrated across the country as far back as 2009.

公共交通司机感谢日自2009年起就在全国范围内庆祝。

However, this week, the city of Fayetteville issued a proclamation for the day to take place March 18.

然而，本周，费耶特维尔市发布公告，将该日定在3月18日举行。

Officials said they want bus drivers to know how important they are to Fayetteville, serving almost 1.

官员们表示，他们希望公交车司机知道他们对费耶特维尔市有多么重要，该市每年服务近1。

6 million riders a year.

6百万乘客。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和2基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. What do we learn about Sherry Christian?

问题1. 关于雪莉·克里斯蒂安，我们了解到什么？

Question 2. What did the officials of Fayetteville want bus drivers to know?

问题2. 费耶特维尔市的官员希望公交车司机知道什么？

News Report 2.

新闻报道2。

The Wilton School Board has proposed a 5.

威尔顿学校董事会提出了一项5。

99% spending increase.

99%的支出增长。

If approved, it would be the largest jump in at least eight budget cycles.

如果获得批准，这将是至少八个预算周期内最大的增长。

The 5.

这5。

99% request more than doubles the highest previous year-over-year increase in the last eight years, which was 2.

99%的请求是过去八年前一年增长最高的两倍多，而之前最高的是2。

99 % for the 2021-2022 school year.

99%用于2021-2022学年。

The biggest driver of the $91.

91美元的最大驱动因素。

8 million proposed budget remains teachers' salaries.

800万拟议预算仍然是教师的工资。

These account for 64% of the total request at $59 million.

这些占总请求的64%，即5900万美元。

The $59 million is up from the $56 .

5900万美元比56美元有所增加。

7 million budgeted for the current school year.

700万用于当前学年的预算。

There are some factors that could affect the budget moving forward.

有一些因素可能会影响未来的预算。

One of those is total enrolment.

其中之一是总入学人数。

The district will have a total enrolment of 3,742 students.

该区将有总入学人数3742名学生。

Almost all of these students will be in kindergarten through high school, but 66 will be in pre-kindergarten and other programs.

几乎所有这些学生将从幼儿园到高中，但有66名将在学前班和其他项目中。

This represents 47 fewer students than the current year.

这表示比当前学年少了47名学生。

Fewer students mean less federal and state funding.

学生人数减少意味着联邦和州的资金减少。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题3和4基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What does the news report say the Wilton School Board has done?

问题3。新闻报道说威尔顿学校董事会做了什么？

Question 4. What might be one consequence of fewer students enrolling, according to the news report?

问题4。根据新闻报道，学生入学人数减少可能带来什么后果？

News Report 3.

新闻报道3。

A rare thundersnow event has taken place in Scotland, and alarmed locals contacted police, thinking they had heard bombs going off.

苏格兰发生了一次罕见的雷暴风雪事件，受惊的当地人联系了警方，以为他们听到了炸弹爆炸声。

The phenomenon happens when thunder and lightning mix with a heavy snowstorm, sometimes causing loud claps that can be confused with explosions.

这种现象发生时，雷电与暴雪混合，有时会产生巨大的雷鸣声，可能被误认为是爆炸声。

One person described it as a loud boom, similar to a plane crash.

一人将其描述为一声巨响，类似于飞机坠毁的声音。

Another person was woken up in the middle of the night by what he thought was early construction work starting.

另一个人在半夜被他认为是早期施工开始的声音惊醒。

The noise was powerful enough to shake buildings and set off car alarms.

噪音强大到足以震动建筑物并触发汽车警报。

The police were flooded with many calls from the public, and they sent out a message asking people to remain calm.

警方接到了大量公众来电，他们发出消息要求人们保持冷静。

The police assured everyone that it was just thunder and lightning rather than some military exercise.

警方向所有人保证，那只是雷电，而不是某种军事演习。

The weather was the coldest it had been for the season, so people were warned to be careful when traveling outside.

天气是本季节最冷的，因此人们被警告外出旅行时要小心。

In particular, dangerous conditions such as icy roads or wet ground could cause difficulty for drivers.

特别是，诸如结冰道路或潮湿地面等危险状况可能给驾驶员带来困难。

The rail service also announced potential disruptions to trains due to the deep snow.

铁路服务也宣布，由于积雪深厚，列车可能受到干扰。

Some roads were also closed because of the severe weather.

由于恶劣天气，一些道路也被关闭。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5至7基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What do we learn about thundersnows from the report?

问题5。从报道中我们了解到关于雷暴风雪的什么？

Question 6. How did the police respond to the public's calls about the noise?

问题6。警方如何回应公众关于噪音的来电？

Question 7. What were people warned to do when traveling outside?

问题7。人们被警告外出旅行时要做什么？

Conversation 1.

对话1。

M: I'm going to the city center to buy a new phone today.

我今天要去市中心买一部新手机。

F: Didn't you buy a new phone just two months ago?

你不是两个月前刚买了新手机吗？

M: It was three months ago, and I already know what you're going to say.

是三个月前，而且我已经知道你要说什么了。

M: You're thinking I shouldn't replace my phone this soon.

你在想我不该这么快换手机。

F: No, actually, I was wondering how you could possibly afford a new phone.

不，实际上，我在想你怎么可能买得起新手机。

F: But now that you mention it, I do think getting another phone so soon is wasteful, regardless of the cost.

但现在你提到这个，我确实觉得这么快再买一部手机是浪费，不管花多少钱。

M: Maybe you're right.

也许你是对的。

M: But the thing is, everyone at the office has a nice, expensive phone, and I'm a little embarrassed by mine.

但问题是，办公室里每个人都有很好的、昂贵的手机，我有点为自己的手机感到尴尬。

M: I just got a credit card, so I thought I might as well buy a new phone.

我刚拿到一张信用卡，所以我想不妨买一部新手机。

F: I don't think buying a phone on credit is a good idea.

我不认为用信用卡买手机是个好主意。

F: Look, you've only been working for five months now.

看，你才工作了五个月。

F: People understand that you are a recent graduate, and I doubt anyone cares about your phone other than yourself.

人们理解你是新毕业生，而且我怀疑除了你自己，没人在意你的手机。

M: Maybe you're right, but the credit card has a very good special offer where I don't pay any interest for six months.

也许你是对的，但信用卡有一个很好的特别优惠，六个月不付任何利息。

M: I'll be able to pay for the phone well before that period is over.

在那个期限结束之前，我完全能付清手机款。

F: I still think it's a bad idea to use a credit card for something you don't need.

我仍然认为用信用卡买不需要的东西是个坏主意。

F: One of my colleagues bought a lot of things on credit during her first year of work, and it became a bad habit, and she accumulated a lot of debt.

我的一位同事在工作第一年用信用卡买了很多东西，这成了一个坏习惯，她积累了很多债务。

M: Well, I can see how that might happen to someone, and I'm sure she regrets it.

嗯，我能理解这可能会发生在某人身上，而且我确信她后悔了。

M: But I know it won't happen to me.

但我知道这不会发生在我身上。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

第8至第11题基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 8. What does the woman say she was actually wondering about?

问题8：这位女士说她实际上在想什么？

Question 9. Why is the man embarrassed by his current phone?

问题9：这位男士为什么对他的当前手机感到尴尬？

Question 10. What is special about the man's new credit card?

问题10：这位男士的新信用卡有什么特别之处？

Question 11. What does the woman say about one of her colleagues?

问题11：这位女士关于她的一位同事说了什么？

Conversation 2.

对话2。

F: Welcome to The Morning Show.

欢迎来到早间秀。

F: Our guest today is a popular blog writer and a major figure in the tiny home community.

我们今天的嘉宾是一位受欢迎的博客作家，也是小型房屋社区的重要人物。

F: Welcome, Bob Jones.

欢迎，Bob Jones。

M: Hi, Mary.

你好，Mary。

F: Hi, Bob.

你好，Bob。

F: You're an advocate of the tiny home movement.

你是小型房屋运动的倡导者。

F: A lot of people don't know about this movement.

很多人不知道这个运动。

F: Can you tell our audience what it's about?

你能告诉我们的观众这是关于什么的吗？

M: Well, it's mainly about increasing home ownership and protecting the environment.

嗯，主要是关于增加房屋所有权和保护环境。

F: Of course, those are great goals.

当然，这些是伟大的目标。

F: But I've seen your blog, and you write about houses that are as small as 20 square meters.

但我看过你的博客，你写到了小至20平方米的房屋。

F: That's not a realistic size for families.

这对家庭来说不是一个现实的尺寸。

M: I do talk about very small homes, but there's no set definition of a tiny home.

我确实谈论非常小的房屋，但小型房屋没有固定的定义。

M: And other people include homes that are much larger, say 60 square meters.

其他人包括更大的房屋，比如60平方米。

M: And you'd be surprised.

你会惊讶的。

M: Many families of four are happy living in houses that are under 30 square meters.

许多四口之家很高兴住在30平方米以下的房屋里。

F: But I think most of us want spacious homes.

但我认为我们大多数人都想要宽敞的房屋。

F: The average new house in this area is 150 square meters, and that's what people dream of owning.

这个地区的新房平均面积是150平方米，那是人们梦想拥有的。

M: Yes, but I think that dream needs to change, considering the cost of housing.

是的，但我认为考虑到住房成本，这个梦想需要改变。

F: Housing costs are high, but do people really save that much by having a smaller home?

住房成本很高，但人们通过拥有更小的房屋真的能节省那么多吗？

M: Absolutely.

绝对。

M: Many people who can only afford to rent a larger home are able to buy a tiny home.

许多只能租得起更大房屋的人能够购买小型房屋。

M: In this city, the average home costs $200 ,000, and a tiny home costs just $50 ,000.

在这个城市，普通房屋成本为20万美元，而小型房屋只需5万美元。

M: Those are huge savings.

这些是巨大的节省。

M: So tiny homes might not be for everyone, but they're a good option for many.

所以小型房屋可能不适合所有人，但对许多人来说是一个好选择。

F: You mentioned the environment earlier.

你之前提到了环境。

F: How does this benefit the planet?

这如何有益于地球？

M: Well, if people have smaller homes, they use less land and fewer resources to build them.

嗯，如果人们拥有更小的房屋，他们使用的土地和资源就更少。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题12到15基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 12. What does the tiny home movement mainly advocate?

问题12。小型房屋运动主要倡导什么？

Question 13. What does the woman say about houses as small as 20 square meters?

问题13。女士对小至20平方米的房屋说了什么？

Question 14. What does the woman think of the dream of owning spacious homes?

问题14。女士对拥有宽敞房屋的梦想怎么看？

Question 15. What does the man say about tiny homes?

问题15。男士对小型房屋说了什么？

Passage 1.

段落1。

Kids need time every day to run, jump, stretch, and play.

孩子们每天需要时间跑步、跳跃、伸展和玩耍。

These experiences have been shown to build children's confidence and pleasure in physical activities, develop their motor skills, and even improve emotional well-being.

这些经验已被证明能增强孩子们对体育活动的信心和乐趣，发展他们的运动技能，甚至改善情绪健康。

To begin with, children seem to have a natural desire to overcome challenges and take risks.

首先，孩子们似乎有克服挑战和承担风险的自然欲望。

Taking healthy risks through physical movement builds children's confidence and ability to solve problems and persist through frustration.

通过身体运动承担健康风险，能增强孩子们的信心和解决问题的能力，并在挫折中坚持不懈。

Secondly, movement activities build children's big-body skills, such as coordination and balance, as well as the fine motor skills they need for tasks like writing, tying their shoes, or throwing and catching a ball.

其次，运动活动能发展孩子们的大肌肉群技能，如协调性和平衡性，以及精细运动技能，这些技能是完成如写作、系鞋带或投掷和接球等任务所必需的。

Thirdly, according to the American Psychological Association, regular physical activity, and especially outdoor activity, reduces children's stress and depression and improves their ability to focus and learn.

第三，根据美国心理学会，定期体育活动，尤其是户外活动，能减少孩子们的压力和抑郁，并提高他们的专注力和学习能力。

Regular exercise can significantly improve self-regulation and decrease disciplinary consequences for negative behavior.

定期锻炼能显著改善自我调节能力，并减少负面行为的纪律后果。

Physical activity provides a positive outlet for frustration, anxiety, or anger, and can become a healthy coping skill throughout life.

体育活动为挫折、焦虑或愤怒提供了积极的出口，并可以成为一生健康的应对技能。

Finally, we know that physical activity is important for our physical and mental health, and cultivating the habit of physical activity starts early.

最后，我们知道体育活动对我们的身心健康很重要，培养体育活动的习惯应尽早开始。

Children are more likely to develop a lifelong love of physical activity from frequent positive early experiences.

孩子们更有可能从频繁的积极早期体验中培养对体育活动的终身热爱。

Not every child enjoys competitive sports or playing with balls, and that's okay.

并非每个孩子都喜欢竞技运动或玩球，这没关系。

There are plenty of other options, such as imaginative play, non-competitive games, and gardening or nature experiences.

还有许多其他选择，如想象力游戏、非竞技游戏，以及园艺或自然体验。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 16. What do children seem to have a natural desire to do?

问题16。孩子们似乎有什么自然欲望？

Question 17. What can regular physical activity do for children, according to the American Psychological Association?

问题17。根据美国心理学会，定期体育活动能为孩子们做什么？

Question 18. What does the speaker say about cultivating the habit of physical activity?

问题18。演讲者关于培养体育活动习惯说了什么？

Passage 2.

第二篇文章

A new study finds that job seekers are even willing to explore jobs with lower salaries when companies are more diverse.

一项新研究发现，当公司更多样化时，求职者甚至愿意探索薪资较低的工作。

It finds that sharing information about diversity makes job postings more attractive to job seekers, even when pay is lower.

研究发现，分享关于多样性的信息使职位发布对求职者更具吸引力，即使薪资较低。

To conduct the study, the team partnered with an online job listings platform, which emails postings relevant to individuals and their job search criteria.

为了进行研究，团队与一个在线职位列表平台合作，该平台根据个人及其求职标准发送相关职位发布的电子邮件。

For the course of the 11-week study, the platform emailed job listings to some 180 ,000 users placed in one of two conditions.

在为期11周的研究过程中，该平台向约18万用户发送职位列表，这些用户被分为两种条件之一。

In the baseline condition, participants saw emails in the normal format, with no information on diversity.

在基线条件下，参与者看到的是正常格式的电子邮件，没有多样性信息。

In the diversity condition, participants saw a diversity score for each listing, information about the race, gender, education, and language skills of a company's workforce, compared to others in the same sector and location.

在多样性条件下，参与者看到每个列表的多样性分数，以及关于公司员工种族、性别、教育和语言技能的信息，与同行业和地区的其他公司进行比较。

Information was then gathered on whether the email was opened and which job listings were clicked on by each user.

随后收集信息，包括电子邮件是否被打开以及每个用户点击了哪些职位列表。

Participants in the diversity condition tended to click on job listings from companies with slightly higher diversity scores than those in the baseline condition.

多样性条件下的参与者倾向于点击来自多样性分数略高于基线条件的公司的职位列表。

That is, participants seemed to be paying attention to information about diversity and using this when deciding whether to click on the listing.

也就是说，参与者似乎关注了关于多样性的信息，并在决定是否点击列表时使用了这些信息。

And the team also found that participants were willing to look at listings with lower salaries, if they came from companies with a higher diversity score.

团队还发现，如果职位来自多样性分数较高的公司，参与者愿意查看薪资较低的列表。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题19至21基于你刚才听到的文章。

Question 19. When are job seekers willing to explore jobs with lower salaries, according to a new study?

问题19. 根据一项新研究，求职者何时愿意探索薪资较低的工作？

Question 20. What did participants in the diversity condition see in the email?

问题20. 多样性条件下的参与者在电子邮件中看到了什么？

Question 21. What did participants pay attention to when deciding which job listings to click on?

问题21. 参与者在决定点击哪些职位列表时关注了什么？

Passage 3.

第三段。

A new study from Oregon State University found that dogs tend to match their behaviour with the children in their family.

俄勒冈州立大学的一项新研究发现，狗倾向于与家庭中的孩子行为保持一致。

The findings are important because there is a growing body of evidence that dogs can help children in many ways.

这些发现很重要，因为有越来越多的证据表明，狗能在许多方面帮助孩子。

These include helping with social development, increasing physical activity, managing anxiety, or serving as a source of attachment in the face of changing family structures.

这些方面包括帮助社交发展、增加身体活动、管理焦虑，或在家庭结构变化时作为依恋的来源。

Yet very little research has focused on how dogs perceive and socially engage with children.

然而，很少有研究关注狗如何感知孩子并与孩子进行社交互动。

The great news is that this study suggests dogs are paying a lot of attention to the kids that they live with, said Monique Oudel, the lead author of the study.

该研究的主要作者莫妮克·乌德尔表示，好消息是这项研究显示，狗非常关注与它们生活在一起的孩子。

One interesting thing we have observed is that dogs are matching children's behaviour, but less frequently than what we have seen between dogs and adults.

我们观察到一个有趣的现象是，狗会匹配孩子的行为，但频率低于我们观察到的狗与成人之间的匹配。

This suggests that while dogs may view children as social companions, there are also some differences that we need to understand better.

这表明，虽然狗可能将孩子视为社交伙伴，但也存在一些我们需要更好地理解的差异。

While research has found dogs can have a lot of positive impacts on a child's life, there are also risks associated with a dog-child relationship.

尽管研究发现狗对孩子的生活有许多积极影响，但狗与孩子的关系也存在风险。

For example, other studies have found dogs are more likely to bite children versus adults.

例如，其他研究发现，狗比成年人更容易咬孩子。

We still have a lot to learn about the dog-child relationship, Oudel said, but research does show that kids are very capable of training dogs.

乌德尔说，我们关于狗与孩子的关系还有很多要了解，但研究确实表明，孩子们非常有能力训练狗。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

第22至25题基于你刚才听到的段落。

Question 22. What does the passage say about the findings of a new study from Oregon State University?

问题22. 关于俄勒冈州立大学一项新研究的发现，段落说了什么？

Question 23. What does the speaker say about the previous evidence on dogs?

问题23. 关于狗的先前证据，说话者说了什么？

Question 24. What does the new study suggest about dogs and the kids they live with?

问题24. 关于狗与它们生活在一起的孩子，新研究暗示了什么？

Question 25. What does Monique Udel say kids are very capable of?

问题25. 莫妮克·乌德尔说孩子们非常有能力做什么？