2026年06月四级第3套听力原文及答案解析

A 104-year-old woman is selling the house she has lived in since she was two years old.

一位104岁的老妇人正在出售她从两岁起就一直居住的房子。

Nancy Gifford was born months after the end of the First World War and spent 102 years living in her three-bedroom house in the Somerset village of Street.

南希·吉福德出生于第一次世界大战结束几个月后，她在萨默塞特郡斯特里特村这座三居室的房子里住了102年。

She is now putting it on the market, having lived in it through the Second World War and the invention of television.

如今她要把房子挂牌出售，在这座房子里她经历了第二次世界大战，也见证了电视机的问世。

Her family bought the house for £200 in 1921 and it is now priced at some £170,000.

她家在1921年以200英镑买下这座房子，如今售价约为17万英镑。

According to the Bank of England's inflation calculator, £200 in 1921 would be worth £7,750 today.

根据英格兰银行的通货膨胀计算器，1921年的200英镑相当于今天的7750英镑。

According to the estate agent, the house was built in 1882 and originally featured a well for the entire road.

据房产中介介绍，这座房子建于1882年，最初还配有一口供整条街使用的水井。

Except for some changes in the toilet and wash area, much of the house remains the same.

除了卫生间和盥洗区做过一些改动外，这座房子大部分都保持着原样。

Mrs Gifford is selling the house and moving to a nursing home in nearby Glastonbury because of her health.

由于健康原因，吉福德太太要卖掉房子，搬到附近格拉斯顿伯里的一家养老院去住。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

Question 1. What does the news report say about Nancy Gifford?

Question 2. Why is Mrs Gifford selling the house?

The Navy rescued a man who survived 24 days floating in the sea on a boat by eating tomato sauce and vegetable powder.

海军救起了一名男子，他靠吃番茄酱和蔬菜粉，在海上乘小船漂流了24天才得以生还。

The man, 47, wrote the word help in English on the boat, which was key to his rescue.

这名47岁的男子在船上用英文写下了“help”一词，这成了他获救的关键。

The man told authorities that his experience began in December when currents swept the sailboat out to sea while he was making repairs.

该男子告诉当局，他的这段经历始于去年12月，当时他正在修理帆船，海流把船卷向了大海。

To survive, the man collected rain water with a cloth.

为了生存，他用一块布收集雨水。

He had to constantly remove water from the boat to prevent it from sinking.

他不得不不停地往船外舀水，以防船只下沉。

He also tried to light a fire to send a distress signal without success.

他还试图生火发出求救信号，但没有成功。

Finally, a plane passed by and he signaled with a mirror.

最后，一架飞机从上空飞过，他用一面镜子发出信号。

He said the Navy told him that he was spotted when the plane passed again.

他说海军告诉他，飞机再次飞过时发现了他。

The sailboat was abandoned at sea when the man was picked up by a nearby merchant ship.

当这名男子被附近一艘商船救起时，那艘帆船被遗弃在了海上。

He was found in good health but had lost weight.

获救时他身体状况良好，只是体重有所下降。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

Question 3. What does the news report say was key to the man's rescue?

Question 4. What do we learn about the man when he was rescued?

The board of Denver Public Schools is set to close several elementary and middle schools to make up for a decreased budget caused by declining enrollment.

丹佛公立学校董事会准备关闭几所小学和中学，以弥补因入学人数下降而导致的预算削减。

The specific schools will be announced in the coming days, a district spokesperson said.

学区一位发言人表示，具体是哪几所学校将在未来几天内公布。

The school board approved criteria to close schools with fewer than 215 students, as well as schools with fewer than 275 students and a projected decline in enrollment.

校董会通过了关校标准：关闭学生人数少于215人的学校，以及学生人数少于275人且预计入学人数还将下降的学校。

In the next three years, the district expects to enroll 3,000 fewer elementary and middle school students, it said.

学区表示，未来三年，预计中小学入学人数将减少3000人。

3,000 students may not seem like that many students, but to a budget where you're receiving per pupil funding, that's about $36 million, district spokesperson Scott Pribble said.

学区发言人斯科特·普里布尔说：“3000名学生看起来可能不算太多，但对于按人头拨款的预算来说，这大约意味着3600万美元。”

We know that there are impacts and it's heartbreaking and difficult work, but in order for the district to stay out of debt, it's a step that needs to be taken, he said.

他说：“我们知道这会带来影响，这是一项令人心痛而艰难的工作，但为了让学区不至于负债，这一步是必须要走的。”

The district said the decreased budget means it cannot provide the same mental health supports, social and emotional services, or specialised programming to schools with lower enrollment.

学区表示，预算削减意味着无法再为入学人数较少的学校提供同等水平的心理健康支持、社交与情感服务，或专门的课程项目。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

Question 5. What do we learn about the elementary and middle schools to be closed in Denver?

Question 6. What does the Denver district expect to do in the next three years?

Question 7. Why are some schools in Denver to be closed, according to the district spokesperson?

M: Good afternoon, Theatre Bookings International.

下午好，这里是国际剧院订票中心。

M: My name's Philip.

我叫菲利普。

M: How may I help you today?

今天有什么可以帮您的吗？

F: Oh, good afternoon.

哦，下午好。

F: My name's Helen.

我叫海伦。

F: I've been trying to book tickets for the musical Cats in London on the evening of May the 28th, but I can't get the computer to accept my card payment.

我一直想订5月28日晚上在伦敦上演的音乐剧《猫》的票，但电脑就是没法完成我的银行卡付款。

F: I've tried three times, but it just doesn't want to take it.

我试了三次，可它就是付不了款。

M: That's okay, madam.

没关系，女士。

M: I can book it and take the payment over the phone if that's not a problem for you.

如果您方便的话，我可以在电话里帮您订票并收取费用。

F: That would be wonderful.

那太好了。

F: I'm not very good with computers.

我不太会用电脑。

F: My husband usually does all of these things, but he is in Italy on a business trip until next Thursday, and I know how quickly these things can sell out.

这些事通常都是我丈夫来做的，但他在意大利出差，要到下周四才回来，而我知道这种票很快就会卖光。

M: They do indeed, madam.

确实是这样，女士。

M: Firstly, can you confirm that it's the performance of Cats on May the 28th at the Lion Theatre in London at 7.30pm?

首先，您能确认一下是5月28日晚上7点30分在伦敦狮子剧院上演的《猫》这场演出吗？

F: Yes, that's the one, and I will need two tickets, please.

对，就是那一场，我需要两张票。

F: Not too close to the front.

别太靠前排。

M: Actually, all the tickets at the front are already sold out anyway, but I can offer you two upstairs near the middle.

其实前排的票已经全部售罄了，不过我可以给您安排楼上靠中间的两个座位。

M: I assume that you don't want to be too high up.

我想您应该也不想坐得太高吧。

F: Oh my goodness, no.

天哪，当然不想。

F: I'm scared of heights, and you can never see anything if you are too high up anyway.

我恐高，而且坐得太高反正也什么都看不清。

M: No problem, madam.

没问题，女士。

M: I'll reserve those for you now, and all we need after that is the details of your card number and your full name, and then we are done.

我现在就为您预留这两个座位，接下来只需要您的银行卡号和全名，就大功告成了。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

Question 8. Why does the woman call the man?

Question 9. What do we learn about the woman's husband?

Question 10. What does the man say about the tickets at the front?

Question 11. What does the woman say she is scared of?

F: Hi, John.

嗨，约翰。

F: Why haven't you answered my text messages lately?

你最近怎么都不回我的短信？

M: Oh, I didn't know you had sent any.

哦，我都不知道你发过短信。

M: I turned off my phone almost a week ago and haven't turned it back on since then.

我差不多一周前就把手机关了，之后一直没再开机。

F: Why would you do something like that when our phones make our lives so much more convenient?

手机让我们的生活方便这么多，你为什么要这么做呢？

M: Well, I downloaded an app that recorded how much time I spent on my phone, and I was shocked to realize I was using my phone an average of eight hours a day, and on my worst day, I used it for twelve hours.

是这样，我下载了一款记录我用手机时长的应用，结果震惊地发现我平均每天用手机八个小时，最夸张的一天用了十二个小时。

F: Were you addicted to mobile phone games?

你是沉迷手机游戏了吗？

F: I had a friend who was, and he sometimes played them all day and into the night.

我有个朋友就是这样，他有时会从白天一直玩到深夜。

M: No, my problem was I was spending too much time on social media, messaging friends, and commenting on other people's posts.

不是，我的问题是在社交媒体上花太多时间了，忙着给朋友发消息、给别人的帖子评论。

F: I do all of that too, as well as shopping online, and paying for everything with my phone.

这些我也都在做，还会网购，什么都用手机付款。

F: That is really why I don't see how anyone could live without a mobile phone.

所以我真的想不通，谁能离得开手机呢。

F: How do you buy things or communicate with your friends?

那你怎么买东西、怎么跟朋友联系呢？

M: Since I stopped using my phone, I go to physical stores and pay in cash.

自从我不用手机以后，我就去实体店，用现金付款。

M: I've actually met friends for meals at cafes and restaurants.

我还真的约朋友在咖啡馆和餐馆一起吃饭见面呢。

F: That's great for you, but my friends and family don't live in this city, so we can't see each other often, and I don't have any choice but to chat with them online.

这对你来说挺好，可我的朋友和家人都不住在这个城市，我们没法经常见面，除了在网上聊天我别无选择。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

Question 12. Why hasn't the man answered the woman's text messages lately?

Question 13. What was the man shocked to realize after he downloaded the app?

Question 14. What did the man spend much time doing with his phone?

Question 15. Why does the woman say she has to use her mobile phone?

If US workers want to switch jobs, they'd better do it now.

如果美国的劳动者想跳槽，最好现在就行动。

Last year, job switchers earned far higher wage increases than those staying in their jobs, but the gap is now closing.

去年，跳槽者的工资涨幅远高于留在原岗位的人，但如今这一差距正在缩小。

A three-month moving average of annual wage increases from the Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank's wage tracker shows that US job switchers got the highest wage increase last July, when the measure touched 8.5%.

亚特兰大联邦储备银行工资追踪数据的年度工资涨幅三个月移动平均值显示，美国跳槽者的工资涨幅在去年7月达到最高，当时这一指标触及8.5%。

Since then, it has gone up and down, and has been going steadily down since November.

此后，这一数值起起落落，并自11月以来持续稳步下降。

The gap in wage gains between people who switched jobs and those who stayed in their jobs is now closing.

跳槽者与留任者之间的工资涨幅差距如今正在缩小。

On average, people who changed jobs have almost always gotten better pay raises than those who stayed.

平均而言，跳槽的人几乎总能比留任的人获得更高的加薪。

But in the past, the difference was usually around 1 percentage point.

但在过去，这一差距通常在1个百分点左右。

In July, though, the gap widened to 2.6 percentage points.

不过在7月，这一差距扩大到了2.6个百分点。

But now, wage growth is slowing down for everyone, and job switchers are getting smaller wage bumps in their new jobs.

但如今，所有人的工资增长都在放缓，跳槽者在新工作中获得的加薪幅度也变小了。

At the moment, those who changed jobs get an average 7.3% raise every year, while those who stay get a 5.4% raise.

目前，跳槽者平均每年加薪7.3%，而留任者则加薪5.4%。

That suggests the demand for workers has reached, or is at least nearing, its peak.

这表明用工需求已经达到，或至少正在接近顶峰。

The labor market is likely cooling, because even a shortage of workers isn't overcoming the historic imbalance between employers and employees in the US.

劳动力市场很可能正在降温，因为即便存在用工短缺，也无法扭转美国劳资双方之间长期存在的失衡。

The volume of income that workers take home as a proportion of what the US economy produces is still falling.

劳动者所得收入占美国经济产出的比重仍在下降。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Question 16. What does the passage say about the gap in wage gains between job switchers and those who stay in their jobs?

Question 17. What do we learn about wage growth now?

Question 18. What is the labor market likely doing, according to the passage?

Highly processed foods, the kinds made with lots of sugar, fat and salt, make up as much as 60% of the average American diet.

深度加工食品，也就是那些加了大量糖、脂肪和盐的食品，在美国人平均饮食中的占比高达60%。

But a new study shows that their low price and convenience come at a cost to health.

但一项新研究表明，这类食品价格低廉、食用方便，代价却是损害健康。

The study found that, when people ate a highly processed diet, they consumed about 500 more calories per day than they did when they ate a less processed diet.

研究发现，当人们以深度加工食品为主食时，每天摄入的热量比以低加工食品为主食时多出约500卡路里。

They also gained 2 pounds over two weeks, even though both diets had the same amounts of nutrients, like sugar, fat, fiber and salt.

尽管两种饮食中糖、脂肪、纤维和盐等营养成分的含量相同，他们在两周内还是增重了2磅。

It wasn't a shock to find highly processed foods weren't healthy.

发现深度加工食品不健康并不令人意外。

Other research has linked them to a higher risk of cancer and obesity.

其他研究已经将它们与更高的癌症和肥胖风险联系在一起。

What was unexpected was that sugar, fat and salt didn't seem to be what caused people to overeat.

出人意料的是，糖、脂肪和盐似乎并不是导致人们过量进食的原因。

This is the first trial that demonstrates that there is something about highly processed foods independent of those nutrients that causes people to overeat.

这是首个证明深度加工食品中存在某种独立于上述营养成分、会导致人们过量进食因素的试验。

The study also found that, when eating a highly processed diet, people ate faster.

研究还发现，人们在食用深度加工食品时进食速度更快。

This could be one reason why they gained more weight.

这可能是他们体重增加更多的原因之一。

Highly processed food tends to be softer, which makes it easier to chew and swallow.

深度加工食品往往更软，因而更容易咀嚼和吞咽。

One theory is that if you're eating more quickly, you're not giving your gut enough time to signal to your brain that you've had enough calories and that you're full.

有一种理论认为，如果你吃得太快，就没有给肠胃足够的时间向大脑发出信号，告诉大脑你已经摄入足够热量、吃饱了。

By the time the brain gets that signal, you've already overeaten.

等到大脑接收到这个信号时，你已经吃过量了。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Question 19. What does a new study show about highly processed foods?

Question 20. What are highly processed foods linked to, according to other research?

Question 21. What do people tend to do when eating highly processed foods?

Women continue to spend more time than men taking care of children and doing chores around the house.

女性花在照顾孩子和操持家务上的时间一直比男性多。

This is generally attributed to backward thinking and conservative values.

人们普遍将这归因于落后的观念和保守的价值观。

But new research shows that such differences could be linked to differences in the preferences of males and females.

但新研究表明，这类差异可能与男性和女性偏好上的不同有关。

The new study looked at how men and women were dividing work at home and why they divided it that way.

这项新研究考察了男性和女性如何分担家务，以及他们为何这样分工。

In general, both men and women took more responsibility for tasks they liked.

总体而言，无论男女，都会更多地承担自己喜欢做的家务。

For example, men liked yard care and home maintenance more than women.

例如，男性比女性更喜欢打理院子和维护房屋。

They leaned toward wanting primary responsibility for such tasks.

他们倾向于愿意主要负责这类事务。

The researchers stated that differences in enjoyment of household and childcare tasks matched how men and women chose to split tasks.

研究人员指出，男女在做家务和照料孩子这些事上喜好程度的差异，与他们各自选择的分工方式相吻合。

The researchers added that there was not a single childcare task that men liked more than women.

研究人员补充说，没有任何一项照料孩子的事务是男性比女性更喜欢做的。

Keep in mind, however, that, as with any research on group differences, there were large within group differences.

不过要记住，和所有关于群体差异的研究一样，群体内部的差异也很大。

The study's authors concluded that differences in men's and women's time spent on childcare and household tasks do not mean dissatisfaction.

研究作者得出结论认为，男女在照料孩子和操持家务上所花时间的差异，并不意味着不满。

The authors noted that previous research revealed gender differences in attitudes towards family and career.

作者指出，此前的研究已经揭示出男女在对待家庭和事业态度上的性别差异。

These differences appear as early as six years old.

这些差异早在六岁时就已显现。

Girls that age already show more interest in helping and caring for others than boys do, and they already exhibit a greater orientation toward family versus career.

这个年龄的女孩在帮助和照顾他人方面已经比男孩表现出更浓厚的兴趣，也已经展现出更偏向家庭而非事业的倾向。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Question 22. How do people generally account for differences between men and women in the amount of time spent on housework?

Question 23. What did men lean toward doing, according to the new study?

Question 24. What should we keep in mind as regards any research on group differences?

Question 25. What did previous research reveal about gender differences in attitudes towards family and career?