2018年12月六级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

For years, the U.S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.

多年来，美国一直面临注册护士短缺的问题。美国劳工统计局预测，尽管到2022年护士数量将增加19%，但需求增长将快于供应，届时将有超过100万个护理职位空缺。

So what's the solution? Robots.

那么解决方案是什么？机器人。

Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.

日本在这一趋势上处于领先地位。丰桥技术科学大学开发了Terapio，一种机器人医疗推车，可以巡视医院、递送药品和其他物品，并检索记录。它跟随特定个体，如医生或护士，后者可以使用它记录和访问患者数据。这种类型的机器人很可能是首批在医院实施的，因为它与患者的接触相当有限。

Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's 'face' would be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 study found that users had a "consistently positive attitude" about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.

能够进行社交互动的机器人有助于缓解孤独感并改善认知功能，但机器人本身不必直接参与——它可以作为人类沟通的中介。远程呈现机器人，如MantaroBot、Vgo和Giraff，可以通过计算机、智能手机或平板电脑控制，允许家庭成员或医生远程监控患者或与他们进行Skype通话，通常通过机器人“面部”所在的屏幕。如果你无法去养老院看望祖母，你可以使用远程呈现机器人陪伴她。一项2016年的研究发现，用户对Giraff机器人增强沟通和减少孤独感的能力持“一贯积极的态度”。

A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body).

机器人的外观影响其与人类成功互动的能力，这就是为什么RIKEN-TRI人机交互机器人合作研究中心决定开发一个看起来像巨大泰迪熊的护理机器人。RIBA（交互式身体机器人）。

On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month-long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and "only three or four said they didn't like having it around."

在不太可爱且更吓人的一端，有Actroid F，它如此逼真以至于一些患者可能无法分辨区别。这个对话式机器人伴侣眼睛里有摄像头，可以跟踪患者并在互动中使用适当的面部表情和肢体语言。在一个月的医院试验中，研究人员询问了70名患者对机器人在场的感觉，“只有三四个说他们不喜欢它在身边。”

It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.

重要的是要注意，护理机器人不决定治疗方案或做出诊断（尽管机器人医生和外科医生可能并不遥远）。相反，它们执行常规和繁重的任务，使护士能够专注于有紧急需求的患者。这是一个机器人整合似乎将导致协作而非替代的行业。