2018年12月六级第2套听力原文及答案解析

Conversation 1.

对话1。

M: Do you mind taking my photo with the statue over there?

你介意帮我和那边的雕像拍张照吗？

M: I think it will make a great shot.

我觉得这会拍出很好的照片。

F: Sure, no worries.

当然，没问题。

F: You're always taking photos.

你总是拍照。

F: What do you do with all the photos you take?

你拍的所有照片都怎么处理？

M: Well, don't laugh.

好吧，别笑。

M: My dream is to become an online celebrity of sorts.

我的梦想是成为某种网络名人。

F: You're not serious, are you?

你不是认真的吧？

M: I am completely.

我是完全认真的。

M: I just got the idea a few months ago after posting some holiday photos on my social media accounts.

几个月前，我在社交媒体账户上发布了一些假期照片后就有了这个想法。

M: A lot of people liked my photos and started asking me for travel tips.

很多人喜欢我的照片，并开始向我询问旅行建议。

M: So I figured I'd give it a go.

所以我想我会试一试。

M: I post a lot on social media anyway, so I've got nothing to lose.

反正我经常在社交媒体上发帖，所以我没什么可失去的。

F: I guess that's true.

我想那是真的。

F: So what do you have to do to become internet famous?

那么，要成为网络名人需要做什么？

M: Surprisingly, a lot more than I did as a hobby.

令人惊讶的是，比我作为爱好做的要多得多。

M: Recently, I've been spending a lot more time editing photos, posting online, and clearing storage on my phone.

最近，我花了很多更多时间编辑照片、在线发帖和清理手机存储。

M: It's always full now.

现在总是满的。

F: That doesn't sound like too much work.

听起来工作量不大。

M: Well, there's more to it.

好吧，还有更多事情要做。

M: I spent all last weekend researching what topics are popular, what words to use in captions, and similar accounts to follow.

上个周末我都在研究哪些话题受欢迎、在标题中用哪些词以及关注类似的账户。

M: It really was a lot to take in.

这确实需要吸收很多信息。

M: And I was up well past midnight.

而且我一直熬到深夜。

M: I'd say it's paying off though.

不过，我认为这是值得的。

M: I increased the number of people following my accounts by 15% already.

我已经将关注我账户的人数增加了15%。

F: That is impressive.

这令人印象深刻。

F: I guess I never thought much about all the effort behind the scene.

我想我从未多想过幕后付出的所有努力。

F: Now that I think about it, there's always something wrong with my photos as it is.

现在我想起来，我的照片本身总是有问题。

F: Half smiles, closed eyes, messy hair.

半笑、闭眼、头发凌乱。

F: I hope you have better luck than I do.

我希望你比我运气好。

F: Then again, I think the only person interested in my photos is my mum.

不过，我觉得唯一对我照片感兴趣的人是我妈妈。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题1到4基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 1. What does the man ask the woman to do?

问题1。男人要求女人做什么？

Question 2. What does the man dream of?

问题2。男人的梦想是什么？

Question 3. What has the man been busy doing recently?

问题3。男人最近一直忙于做什么？

Question 4. What does the woman say about her photos?

问题4。女人关于她的照片说了什么？

Conversation 2.

第二段对话。

M: Good evening and welcome to Physics Today.

晚上好，欢迎来到《今日物理》。

M: Here we interview some of the greatest minds in physics as they help us to understand some of the most complicated theories.

在这里，我们采访一些物理学界的顶尖思想家，他们帮助我们理解一些最复杂的理论。

M: Today, I'm very pleased to welcome Dr.

今天，我非常高兴地欢迎博士

M: Melissa Phillips, Professor of Theoretical Physics.

梅丽莎·菲利普斯，理论物理学教授。

M: She's here to tell us a little about what it is she studies.

她来这里是为了告诉我们一些她研究的内容。

M: Dr.

博士

M: Phillips, you seem to study everything.

菲利普斯，你似乎研究一切。

F: I guess that would be fair to say.

我想这么说很公平。

F: I spend most of my time studying the Big Bang theory and where our universe came from.

我大部分时间都在研究大爆炸理论和我们宇宙的起源。

M: Can you tell us a little about that?

你能告诉我们一些关于那个的内容吗？

F: Well, I'm very interested in why the universe exists at all.

嗯，我非常感兴趣于宇宙为什么存在。

F: That may sound odd, but the fact is, at the moment of the Big Bang, both matter and antimatter were created.

这可能听起来奇怪，但事实是，在大爆炸的时刻，物质和反物质都被创造了。

F: For a short time, and I mean just a fraction of a second, the whole universe was a super hot soup of radiation filled with these particles.

在短时间内，我指的是仅仅几分之一秒，整个宇宙是一个充满这些粒子的超热辐射汤。

F: So, what's baffled scientists for so long is, why is there a universe at all?

所以，困扰科学家这么久的问题是，为什么宇宙会存在？

F: That's because matter and antimatter are basically opposites of each other.

那是因为物质和反物质基本上是彼此的对立面。

F: They are exactly alike, except that they have opposite electrical charges.

它们完全相同，除了它们带有相反的电荷。

M: So, when they collide, they destroy each other?

所以，当它们碰撞时，它们会相互毁灭吗？

F: Exactly.

没错。

F: So, during the first few moments of the Big Bang, the universe was extremely hot and very small.

所以，在大爆炸的最初几分钟，宇宙极其炎热且非常小。

F: Matter, and the now more exotic antimatter, would have had little space to avoid each other.

物质和现在更奇异的反物质，几乎没有空间来避免彼此。

F: This means that they should have totally wiped each other out, leaving the universe completely barren.

这意味着它们应该已经完全相互消灭，留下一个完全贫瘠的宇宙。

M: But a recent study seems to point to the fact that when matter and antimatter were first created, there were slightly more particles of matter, which allowed the universe we all live in to form?

但最近的一项研究似乎指出，当物质和反物质最初被创造时，物质粒子稍微多一些，这使得我们居住的宇宙得以形成？

F: Exactly.

没错。

F: Because there was slightly more matter, the collisions quickly depleted all the antimatter and left just enough matter to create stars, planets, and eventually us.

因为物质稍微多一些，碰撞迅速消耗了所有反物质，留下了足够的物质来创造恒星、行星，最终是我们。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题5到8基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 5. What does the man say is physics today?

问题5。男士说《今日物理》是什么？

Question 6. What is the woman physicist's main research area?

问题6。女物理学家的主要研究领域是什么？

Question 7. What is the woman interested in?

问题7。女物理学家对什么感兴趣？

Question 8. What seems to be the finding of the recent study?

问题8。最近的研究似乎发现了什么？

Passage 1.

篇章1。

In this week's edition of special series on bizarre medical conditions, there's a report of the case of Michelle Myers.

在本周关于异常医学状况的特别系列报道中，有一则关于米歇尔·迈尔斯案例的报告。

Myers is an American woman who woke up one day speaking with a British accent, even though she's lived in the United States all her life.

迈尔斯是一名美国女性，某天醒来时说着英国口音，尽管她一生都住在美国。

In 2015, Myers went to bed with a terrible headache.

2015年，迈尔斯带着严重的头痛上床睡觉。

She woke up sounding like someone from England.

她醒来时说话声音像来自英格兰的人。

Her British accent has remained for the past two years.

她的英国口音在过去两年中一直保持。

Previously, Myers had woken up speaking in Irish and Australian accents.

此前，迈尔斯曾醒来时说着爱尔兰和澳大利亚口音。

However, on both of those occasions, the accents lasted for only a week.

然而，在那两次情况中，口音都只持续了一周。

Myers has been diagnosed with Foreign Accent Syndrome.

迈尔斯被诊断患有外国口音综合征。

It's a disorder in which a person experiences a sudden change to their speech so that they sound like they are speaking in a foreign accent.

这是一种障碍，患者会经历言语的突然变化，使得他们说话听起来像带有外国口音。

The condition is most often caused by a stroke or traumatic brain injury.

这种状况最常见的原因是中风或创伤性脑损伤。

Although people with the syndrome have intelligible speech, their manner of speaking is altered in terms of timing and tongue placement, which may distort their pronunciation.

尽管患有该综合征的人言语可懂，但他们的说话方式在时机和舌头位置上有所改变，这可能会扭曲他们的发音。

The result is that they may sound foreign when speaking their native language.

结果是，他们说母语时可能听起来像外国人。

It's not clear whether Myers has experienced a stroke or other brain damage, but she also has a separate medical condition which can result in loose joints, easily bruised skin, and other problems.

尚不清楚迈尔斯是否经历过中风或其他脑损伤，但她还有一种独立的医疗状况，可能导致关节松弛、皮肤易瘀伤和其他问题。

Foreign Accent Syndrome is rare, with only about 60 cases reported within the past century.

外国口音综合征很罕见，过去一个世纪中仅报告了大约60例。

However, a different American woman reportedly spoke with a Russian accent in 2010 after she fell down the stairs and hit her head.

然而，据报道，另一名美国女性在2010年摔倒撞头后说话带有俄罗斯口音。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题9到11基于你刚才听到的篇章。

Question 9. What happened to Michelle Myers one day?

问题9. 某天米歇尔·迈尔斯发生了什么？

Question 10. What does the passage say about Foreign Accent Syndrome?

问题10. 篇章对外国口音综合征说了什么？

Question 11. What accent did another American woman speak with after a head injury?

问题11. 另一名美国女性在头部受伤后说话带有哪种口音？

Passage 2.

篇章2。

There is something about water that makes it a good metaphor for life.

水有某种特质使其成为生命的绝佳隐喻。

That may be one reason why so many people find relief in swimming when life's seas get rough, and it goes some way towards explaining why books about swimming, in which people tackle icy lakes, race in rivers, and overcome oceans, while reflecting on their lives, have recently become so popular.

这可能是为什么当生活变得艰难时，那么多人通过游泳找到慰藉的一个原因，并且这也在一定程度上解释了为什么关于游泳的书籍最近变得如此受欢迎，这些书中人们挑战冰冷的湖泊、在河流中竞赛、跨越大洋，同时反思自己的人生。

These books reflect a trend particularly strong in Britain, where swimming in pools is declining, but more and more folks are opting for open water.

这些书籍反映了一种在英国尤为强烈的趋势，那里游泳池游泳正在减少，但越来越多的人选择开放水域。

Wild swimming seems to be especially popular among women.

野外游泳似乎在女性中特别受欢迎。

Jenny Landreth recently published a guide to the best swimming spots in London.

Jenny Landreth 最近出版了一本关于伦敦最佳游泳地点的指南。

Her new book, Swell, interweaves her own story with a history of female pioneers who accomplished remarkable feats, and paved the way for future generations.

她的新书《Swell》将她自己的故事与女性先驱的历史交织在一起，这些先驱取得了非凡的成就，并为后代铺平了道路。

Notions of modesty restricted women in the Victorian era, but they still swam.

端庄的观念限制了维多利亚时代的女性，但她们仍然游泳。

A bathing machine was rolled down to the seashore, so women would not be seen in swimwear.

一种洗澡机被推到海滩边，这样女性就不会被看到穿着泳装。

In 1892, the Gentlewoman's Book of Sport, described a woman swimming in a heavy dress, boots, hat, gloves, and carrying an umbrella.

1892年，《淑女运动书》描述了一位女性穿着厚重的衣服、靴子、帽子、手套，还拿着一把伞游泳。

Eventually, swimming became freer.

最终，游泳变得更自由。

Mixed bathing was permitted on British beaches in 1901.

1901年，英国海滩上允许男女混合游泳。

Women won the right to swim in public pools, learned to swim properly, created appropriate swimwear, and, in time, even competed against men.

女性赢得了在公共游泳池游泳的权利，学会了正确游泳，创造了合适的泳装，甚至最终与男性竞争。

The first woman to cross the English Channel was Gertrude Adelaide in 1926.

第一位横渡英吉利海峡的女性是Gertrude Adelaide，于1926年。

She beat the record by almost two hours, and her father rewarded her with a red sports car.

她打破了记录近两个小时，她的父亲奖励了她一辆红色跑车。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题12至15基于你刚刚听到的篇章。

Question 12. What has become so popular recently?

问题12. 最近什么变得如此受欢迎？

Question 13. What did Jenny Landreth do recently?

问题13. Jenny Landreth 最近做了什么？

Question 14. What do we learn about women in the Victorian era?

问题14. 关于维多利亚时代的女性，我们了解到什么？

Question 15. What does the passage say about Gertrude Adelaide?

问题15. 关于Gertrude Adelaide，篇章说了什么？

Recording 1.

录音1。

Today, I'm going to talk about a very special kind of person.

今天，我将谈论一种非常特殊的人。

Psychologists call them Masters of Deception.

心理学家称他们为欺骗大师。

Those rare individuals with a natural ability to tell with complete confidence when someone is telling a lie.

这些罕见的人天生具有完全自信地判断某人是否在说谎的能力。

For decades, researchers and law enforcement agencies have tried to build a machine that will do the same thing.

几十年来，研究人员和执法机构一直试图建造能做同样事情的机器。

Now, a company in Massachusetts says that by using magnetic brain scans, they can determine with 97% accuracy whether someone is telling the truth.

现在，马萨诸塞州的一家公司声称，通过使用磁性脑扫描，他们能以97%的准确率判断某人是否在说实话。

They hope that the technology will be cleared for use in American courts by early next year.

他们希望这项技术能在明年初获准在美国法庭上使用。

But is this really the ultimate tool for you, the lawyers of tomorrow?

但这真的是你们——未来的律师——的终极工具吗？

You will not find many brain scientists celebrating this breakthrough.

你不会发现许多脑科学家在庆祝这一突破。

The company might be very optimistic, but the ability of their machine to detect deception has not provided credible proof.

该公司可能非常乐观，但其机器检测欺骗的能力尚未提供可信的证明。

That's because the technology has not been properly tested in real-world situations.

这是因为该技术尚未在真实世界情境中得到适当测试。

In life, there are different kinds of lies and diverse contexts in which they're told.

在生活中，有不同类型的谎言和各种讲述谎言的语境。

These differences may elicit different brain responses.

这些差异可能引发不同的大脑反应。

Does their hypothesis behind the apply in every case?

他们背后的假设是否适用于每种情况？

We don't know the answer because studies done on how reliable this machine is have not yet been duplicated.

我们不知道答案，因为关于这台机器可靠性的研究尚未被重复。

Much more research is badly needed.

迫切需要更多研究。

Whether the technology is eventually deemed reliable enough for the courts will ultimately be decided by the judges.

该技术最终是否被认为足够可靠以用于法庭，将由法官决定。

Let's hope they're wise enough not to be fooled by a machine that claims to determine truthfulness at the flip of a switch.

希望他们足够明智，不会被声称只需按一下开关就能判断真实性的机器所愚弄。

They should also be skeptical of the growing tendency to try to reduce all human traits and actions to the level of brain activity.

他们还应警惕试图将所有人类特征和行为都归结为大脑活动水平的日益增长的趋势。

Often, they do not map that easily.

通常，它们并不那么容易对应。

Moreover, understanding the brain is not the same as understanding the mind.

此外，理解大脑不等于理解心灵。

Some researchers have suggested that thoughts cannot properly be seen as purely internal.

一些研究者认为，思想不能被恰当地视为纯粹内在的。

Instead, thoughts make sense only in reference to the individual's external world.

相反，思想只有在参照个体的外部世界时才有意义。

So while there may be insights to be gained from matching behavior to brain activity, those insights will not necessarily lead to justice in a court of law.

因此，尽管从匹配行为与大脑活动中可能获得见解，但这些见解不一定会导致法庭上的正义。

Problems surround the use of machines to spot deception, at least until it has been rigorously tested.

使用机器来检测欺骗存在问题，至少在经过严格测试之前是这样。

A high-tech test that can tell when a person is not telling the truth sounds too good to be true.

一种能判断一个人是否在说谎的高科技测试听起来好得令人难以置信。

And when something sounds too good to be true, it usually is.

当某事听起来好得令人难以置信时，它通常就是如此。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚才听到的讲座。

Question 16. What have researchers and law enforcement agencies tried to do?

问题16. 研究人员和执法机构试图做什么？

Question 17. How do many brain scientists respond to the Massachusetts company's so-called technological breakthrough?

问题17. 许多脑科学家对马萨诸塞州公司所谓的技术突破有何反应？

Question 18. What does the speaker think of using a high-tech test to determine whether a person is telling the truth?

问题18. 演讲者对使用高科技测试来判断一个人是否说实话有何看法？

Recording 2.

录音2。

Last week, I attended a research workshop on an island in the South Pacific.

上周，我参加了一个在南太平洋一个岛屿上的研究研讨会。

30 people were present and all except me came from the island called Makalua in the nation of Vanuatu.

有30人在场，除了我之外，所有人都来自瓦努阿图一个叫做Makalua的岛屿。

They live in 16 different communities and speak 16 distinct languages.

他们居住在16个不同的社区，说16种不同的语言。

In many cases, you could stand at the edge of one village and see the outskirts of the next community yet the residents of each village speak a completely different language.

在许多情况下，你可以站在一个村庄的边缘，看到下一个社区的外围，然而每个村庄的居民说一种完全不同的语言。

According to recent work by my colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, this island, just 100 kilometers long and 20 kilometers wide, is home to speakers of perhaps 40 different indigenous languages.

根据我在马克斯·普朗克人类历史科学研究所的同事们的最新研究，这个岛屿只有100公里长、20公里宽，却是大约40种不同土著语言使用者的家园。

Why so many?

为什么这么多？

We could ask this same question of the entire globe.

我们可以对整个地球提出同样的问题。

People don't speak one universal language or even a handful.

人们不是说一种通用语言，甚至不是几种。

Instead, today our species collectively speaks over 7 ,000 distinct languages.

相反，今天我们的物种总共说超过7000种不同的语言。

And these languages are not spread randomly across the planet.

而且这些语言并非随机分布在地球上。

For example, far more languages are found in tropical regions than in the mild zones.

例如，在热带地区发现的语言远多于温带地区。

The tropical island of New Guinea is home to over 900 languages.

热带岛屿新几内亚是超过900种语言的家园。

Russia, 20 times larger, has 105 indigenous languages.

俄罗斯，面积大20倍，有105种土著语言。

Even within the tropics, language diversity varies widely.

即使在热带地区，语言多样性也差异很大。

For example, the 250,000 people who live on Vanuatu's 80 islands speak 110 different languages.

例如，生活在瓦努阿图80个岛屿上的25万人说110种不同的语言。

But in Bangladesh, a population 600 times greater speaks only 41 languages.

但在孟加拉国，人口多600倍，却只说41种语言。

How come humans speak so many languages?

为什么人类说这么多种语言？

And why are they so unevenly spread across the planet?

而且为什么它们在地球上分布如此不均？

As it turns out, we have few clear answers to these fundamental questions about how humanity communicates.

事实上，对于人类如何交流的这些基本问题，我们几乎没有明确的答案。

Most people can easily brainstorm possible answers to these intriguing questions.

大多数人可以轻松地头脑风暴出这些有趣问题的可能答案。

They hypothesize that language diversity must be about history, cultural differences, mountains or oceans dividing populations.

他们假设语言多样性一定与历史、文化差异、山脉或海洋分隔人群有关。

But when our diverse team of researchers from six different disciplines and eight different countries began to review what was known, we were shocked that only a dozen previous studies had been done, including one we ourselves completed on language diversity in the Pacific.

但当我们来自六门不同学科和八个不同国家的多样化研究团队开始审视已知情况时，我们震惊地发现只有一打左右的先前研究完成，包括我们自己完成的一个关于太平洋语言多样性的研究。

These prior efforts all examined the degree to which different environmental, social and geographic variables correlated with the number of languages found in a given location.

这些先前的努力都检查了不同环境、社会和地理变量与特定地点发现的语言数量的相关程度。

The results varied a lot from one study to another, and no clear patterns emerged.

结果在不同研究之间差异很大，没有出现明确的模式。

The studies also ran up against many methodological challenges, the biggest of which centered on the old statistical saying correlation does not equal causation.

这些研究也遇到了许多方法论挑战，其中最大的挑战围绕着古老的统计格言：相关性不等于因果关系。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题19到22基于你刚才听到的讲座。

Question 19. What does the speaker say about the island of Makalua?

问题19. 关于Makalua岛，演讲者说了什么？

Question 20. What do we learn from the talk about languages in the world?

问题20. 从关于世界语言的谈话中我们了解到什么？

Question 21. What have the diverse team of researchers found about the previous studies on language diversity?

问题21. 关于先前对语言多样性的研究，多样化研究团队发现了什么？

Recording 3.

录音3。

We often hear people say that America is a land of opportunity, a country built on hope to aspire to greatness, on the American dream.

我们经常听人说美国是一个充满机会的国家，一个建立在希望和追求伟大之上的国家，基于美国梦。

But is the dream as we once knew it dying?

但这个我们曾经熟知的梦想正在消亡吗？

Today's demographics show that the middle class is disappearing and now the richest 1% of the population has amassed more wealth than the bottom 90%.

如今的人口统计显示，中产阶级正在消失，现在最富有的1%人口积累的财富超过了底层90%的人口。

Once upon a time, Americans thought that if they worked hard enough, even in the face of adversity, they would be rewarded with success.

曾经，美国人认为，只要他们足够努力，即使面对逆境，也会获得成功的回报。

These days though, the divide between rich and poor is greater than it has ever been.

然而，如今贫富差距比以往任何时候都更大。

The question is, what is it going to take to change things?

问题是，需要什么才能改变现状？

Maybe one day soon, real change will actually be made in our nation and the gap will be eradicated.

也许不久的将来，我们的国家会发生真正的改变，差距会被消除。

But what happens in the meantime?

但在此期间会发生什么？

Is there something that we can do to help close the gap?

我们能做些什么来帮助缩小差距吗？

Is there something that we can do to prove that a little compassion goes a long way?

我们能做些什么来证明一点同情心能起很大作用吗？

If we want to fix the problem of the income gap, first we have to understand it.

如果我们想解决收入差距问题，首先必须理解它。

It is a grim reality that you can have one person who only makes around $13 ,000 a year, while across town, another is making millions.

一个严峻的现实是，一个人可能一年只挣约13,000美元，而在城市的另一边，另一个人却挣着数百万。

For me, it is kind of astonishing.

对我来说，这有点令人惊讶。

And if you ask low-income people what's the one thing that would change their life, they'll say a full-time job.

如果你问低收入人群，什么能改变他们的生活，他们会说是一份全职工作。

That's all they aspire to.

这就是他们所有的渴望。

So why is it so difficult for so many people to find employment?

那么，为什么这么多人找工作如此困难？

It partly comes down to profit-driven business models that are built around low-wage work and part-time jobs that don't provide benefits.

部分原因是基于低薪工作和不提供福利的兼职工作的利润驱动型商业模式。

Businesses, in order to bolster profits, hire employees as part-time workers only.

为了增加利润，企业只雇佣员工作为兼职工作者。

This means they are paid the lowest legal wage and receive no healthcare or other benefits provided to full-time employees.

这意味着他们领取最低法定工资，没有获得全职员工所享有的医疗保健或其他福利。

Simultaneously, technological advancement and a global economy has reduced the demand for well-paying blue-collar jobs here in the United States.

同时，技术进步和全球经济减少了美国对高薪蓝领工作的需求。

The cumulative effect of these two factors is that many Americans are forced to take two or more part-time jobs, just to make ends meet.

这两个因素的累积效应是，许多美国人被迫从事两份或多份兼职工作，仅仅为了维持生计。

What has become obvious to me when it comes to the income gap is that there needs to be an opportunity for the people at the bottom to push them back up and push them into the middle class to give them hope in their lives.

对我来说，收入差距问题显而易见的是，需要为底层人群提供机会，将他们推回上去，并推动他们进入中产阶级，给他们生活中的希望。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题23到25基于你刚听到的讲座。

Question 22. What do the surveys show about America according to the speaker?

问题22。根据发言者，调查显示了关于美国的什么？

Question 23. What did Americans used to believe?

问题23。美国人过去相信什么？

Question 24. What do low-income people aspire to?

问题24。低收入人群渴望什么？

Question 25. What do businesses do to increase their revenues?

问题25。企业如何增加收入？