2021年06月六级第3套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

Emulating your conversation partner's actions is a common human behavior classified as "mirroring" and has been known and studied by psychologists for years. We all tend to subconsciously copy gestures of people we like. But why do we act like this?

模仿你对话伙伴的行为是一种常见的人类行为，被归类为'镜像'，心理学家多年来已对其进行了认识和研究。我们都倾向于潜意识地模仿我们喜欢的人的手势。但我们为什么会这样做呢？

As a rule, mirroring means that conversationalists enjoy their communication and that there's a certain level of agreement between them. The topic of discussion is equally interesting for both and they know their interests meet.

通常，镜像意味着对话者享受他们的交流，并且他们之间存在一定程度的共识。讨论的话题对双方同样有趣，并且他们知道他们的兴趣相合。

Repeating someone's behavior is typical of talented communicators, not always because the person is sympathetic, but because there is a goal to be achieved. This way new idols have been brought to the stage: politicians, celebrities, and other big names. Popular culture makes people want to look popular, and act and speak like popular people.

重复别人的行为是优秀沟通者的典型特征，并非总是因为对人有好感，而是因为有目标要实现。这样，新的偶像被推上舞台：政治家、名人和其他大人物。流行文化让人们想要看起来受欢迎，并像受欢迎的人一样行动和说话。

Nowadays celebrities steal lyrics from each other and struggle with copyright violation accusations or straightforwardly claim themselves to be the authors, even though all the work was done by other people.

如今，名人互相窃取歌词，要么应对版权侵权指控，要么直接声称自己是作者，尽管所有工作都是由其他人完成的。

Among celebrities, it's trendy nowadays to use their own speech writers as politicians do. The so-called "ghostwriting" can take various forms: books, articles, autobiographies, and even social media posts.

在名人中，如今流行像政治家一样使用自己的演讲稿撰写人。所谓的'代笔'可以采取多种形式：书籍、文章、自传，甚至社交媒体帖子。

Who is a true copycat (抄袭者) and who gets copycatted? Sometimes, it is a hard nut to crack without an expert's help. But new authorship defending methods based on identifying individual writing patterns are already here. Their aim is to protect intellectual property. Using scientific methods, some of them can define authorship with 85 % accuracy.

谁是真正的抄袭者，谁是被抄袭者？有时，没有专家的帮助，这个问题很难解决。但基于识别个人写作模式的新作者身份防御方法已经出现。它们的目的是保护知识产权。使用科学方法，其中一些可以以85%的准确率确定作者身份。

Writing is not an easy craft to master. If you want to write like a professional without plagiarism (抄袭), there are a few lessons to learn and the first one is: "Copy from one, it's plagiarism; copy from two, it's research." The correct interpretation of this statement is not about copying, but rather about creating your own style. When you study an author's writing style, don't stop on a single one, but explore numerous styles instead. Examine types of sentences they use, pay attention to their metaphors, and focus on stories you feel you could write a pretty cool sequel (续篇) to.

写作不是一门容易掌握的技艺。如果你想像专业人士一样写作而不抄袭，有一些教训需要学习，第一个是：'抄袭一个人是抄袭；抄袭两个人是研究。' 这句话的正确解释不是关于抄袭，而是关于创造你自己的风格。当你研究一位作者的写作风格时，不要只停留在一个人身上，而是要探索多种风格。检查他们使用的句子类型，注意他们的隐喻，并专注于那些你觉得可以写出精彩续篇的故事。

Imitation is rather paradoxical. As an integral part of learning, it brings about positive changes, making people develop and grow. However, it may do a lot of harm. Copying someone's thoughts, ideas or inventions is completely unacceptable. It infringes on intellectual property rights of others.

模仿是相当矛盾的。作为学习的一个组成部分，它带来积极的变化，使人们发展和成长。然而，它也可能造成很大伤害。抄袭别人的思想、想法或发明是完全不可接受的。它侵犯了他人的知识产权。

Still, many things we do are about copying others one way or another. So if you want to compliment someone on the work they have done and imitate it, just make sure you do it the right way to avoid committing plagiarism.

尽管如此，我们做的很多事情都是以某种方式抄袭他人。所以，如果你想赞美别人所做的工作并模仿它，只要确保你以正确的方式进行，以避免犯抄袭错误。