2022年06月六级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

A few weeks ago, a well-meaning professor tried to explain the physiological process behind viruses and the human body in a tweet and was immediately criticized for a mistake in his information. He then issued an apology and deleted his erroneous tweet.

几周前，一位善意的教授试图在推文中解释病毒和人体背后的生理过程，但因信息错误而立即受到批评。随后，他发布了道歉并删除了错误的推文。

Communicating science beyond the academic bubble is necessary to augment public understanding of health and environmental issues and help individuals make well-informed personal decisions.

将科学传播到学术圈子之外，对于增进公众对健康和环境问题的理解，并帮助个人做出明智的个人决策，是必要的。

However, scientists who engage in science communication must acknowledge that even in their area, their expertise is deep but narrow. They need to recognize the constraints in their own knowledge. That is not to suggest that they only write or present on their own research, but rather, that they consult with an expert if the topic is outside of their discipline. Fact-checking with a scientist who works in the specialty will prevent the unintentional spread of misinformation, and the process of doing so may yield tiny pieces of interesting new information that can be incorporated.

然而，参与科学传播的科学家必须承认，即使在他们的领域内，他们的专业知识也是深入但狭窄的。他们需要认识到自身知识的局限性。这并不是建议他们只撰写或展示自己的研究，而是说，如果话题超出他们的学科范围，他们应该咨询专家。与该专业的科学家进行事实核查，将防止错误信息的无意传播，而且这样做可能会产生一些有趣的新信息片段，可以被纳入其中。

Some have argued that the public is not educated enough to understand scientific information, especially for any complex phenomena, but this is absurd. Science instruction can be found at all levels of public education with most secondary schools offering classes on biology, physics, and chemistry. If anything, social media has shown that the public craves knowledge based on a solid scientific foundation. Even the public discourse that follows most scientific articles shows that online readers can understand even the most baffling of scientific principles.

有些人认为公众受教育程度不足以理解科学信息，尤其是任何复杂现象，但这是荒谬的。科学教育在公共教育的各个层次都有，大多数中学都提供生物、物理和化学课程。如果说有什么不同，社交媒体表明公众渴望基于坚实科学基础的知识。即使是大多数科学文章之后的公共讨论也表明，在线读者能够理解即使是最令人困惑的科学原理。

It is equally imperative to emphasize that being an expert on a topic does not automatically make a scholar qualified to communicate it to a nonscientific audience. A number of scientists recently have been offering public-aimed explanations of scientific phenomena. Even though they have appropriate credentials, they often do very little in the way of explaining. One biologist shared an intricate analogy involving a library, books, paper, a recipe, ingredients, and a cake to explain the process behind vaccines. Any explanation that requires a written key to keep track of what each item represents is not a clear example for public consumption.

同样重要的是要强调，成为某个主题的专家并不自动使学者有资格向非科学观众传播它。最近，许多科学家提供了面向公众的科学现象解释。尽管他们有适当的资历，但他们在解释方面往往做得很少。一位生物学家分享了一个复杂的类比，涉及图书馆、书籍、纸张、食谱、原料和蛋糕，来解释疫苗背后的过程。任何需要书面钥匙来跟踪每个项目代表什么的解释，都不是公众消费的清晰示例。

Science communication is a science in and of itself. It requires rigorous training and instruction. A scientist should take communication courses that can teach a person how to identify and eliminate jargon and how to develop effective analogies to explain complex concepts. One cannot assume communication expertise-imagine if someone just decided that they were a physicist and started trying to contribute to the field without the necessary background. Doing a poor job communicating science to the public will only create confusion and widen the gap between science and society, a gap that scientists are trying to close.

科学传播本身就是一门科学。它需要严格的训练和指导。科学家应该参加沟通课程，这些课程可以教人如何识别和消除行话，以及如何开发有效的类比来解释复杂概念。不能假设拥有沟通专长——想象一下，如果有人仅仅决定自己是物理学家，就开始在没有必要背景的情况下尝试为该领域做出贡献。向公众传播科学时做得不好，只会造成困惑并扩大科学与社会之间的鸿沟，而科学家们正在努力弥合这一鸿沟。