2022年06月六级第2套听力原文及答案解析

Conversation 1.

对话一。

F: Mr.

先生。

F: David Jackson, a staff writer at The New Yorker, is known for his non-fiction books of adventure.

大卫·杰克逊是《纽约客》的特约撰稿人，以其冒险类非虚构书籍而闻名。

F: Today we go on a different kind of adventure, Jackson's life of parenting his offspring.

今天，我们进行一种不同类型的冒险，了解杰克逊抚养子女的生活。

F: David, as a parent of an 11 and a 14-year-old, what is the most interesting issue you are dealing with right now?

大卫，作为一个有11岁和14岁孩子的父亲，你现在处理的最有趣的问题是什么？

M: It's easy to focus on the challenges, but so far I find these ages to be kind of wonderful.

人们很容易关注挑战，但到目前为止，我发现这个年龄段相当美妙。

M: They are independent and they have their own curiosities and obsessions.

他们很独立，有自己的好奇心和迷恋。

M: You can talk to them about fairly sophisticated subject matter such as politics.

你可以和他们谈论相当复杂的话题，比如政治。

F: Yes, that does sound refreshing compared with talking to younger children.

是的，与和年幼的孩子交谈相比，这听起来确实令人耳目一新。

F: Do they ask you to proofread their essays?

他们会请你校对他们的文章吗？

M: Certainly, with writing they do.

当然，关于写作，他们会。

M: I really just try to be encouraging.

我真的只是努力去鼓励他们。

M: I think at this age editorial guidance is less important than encouragement.

我认为在这个年龄，编辑指导不如鼓励重要。

F: Are there books that you think are important that your children read and that all children read?

有没有你认为重要的、你的孩子读的、以及所有孩子都应读的书？

M: My general thought is to read widely and to incorporate a love for reading.

我的总体想法是广泛阅读，并培养对阅读的热爱。

M: Learning to love to read, I think, is the optimal thing because it gives you a skill you can take anywhere.

我认为，学会热爱阅读是最理想的事情，因为它赋予你一种可以带到任何地方的技能。

F: So you're not too concerned, like some parents, with the content they're reading?

所以你不像一些父母那样，太担心他们阅读的内容吗？

M: I know I have some worries about that.

我知道我对此有些担忧。

M: Yeah, read what you like.

是的，读你喜欢的书。

M: If a child loves graphic novels or comic books, whatever it is that is turning them on to read and turning on their imagination.

如果孩子喜欢图像小说或漫画书，无论是什么，只要能激发他们阅读和想象力就好。

F: I feel that children's tastes in books change as they reach adolescence.

我觉得孩子们的书籍品味在进入青春期时会改变。

F: I know that mine certainly did when I was a teenager.

我知道我年轻时确实如此。

F: What do you think?

你怎么看？

M: I think it's especially important as they get older to read subject matter that will open their eyes to the world and people.

我认为随着他们长大，阅读能让他们放眼世界和人的题材尤为重要。

M: So I think both fiction and non-fiction are really important because they give you the power to begin to perceive the world through the lives of others.

所以我认为小说和非小说都非常重要，因为它们赋予你通过他人生活来感知世界的能力。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题1至4基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 1. What do we learn about David Jackson from the conversation?

问题1. 从对话中我们了解到大卫·杰克逊的什么信息？

Question 2. What does the man think of young teenagers?

问题2. 这位男士如何看待年轻的青少年？

Question 3. How does the man help his kids with their essays?

问题3. 这位男士如何帮助他的孩子们写文章？

Question 4. What does the woman say about herself when she was a teenager?

问题4. 这位女士对她年轻时自己说了什么？

Conversation 2.

对话二。

M: In this episode of Money Talks, our guest is Molly Sanders, a university student and a successful young entrepreneur.

在本期《金钱对话》节目中，我们的嘉宾是莫莉·桑德斯，一位大学生和成功的年轻企业家。

M: Molly, tell us about your business.

莫莉，请告诉我们你的业务。

F: Well, I sell specialty clothes through a website, mainly for women who have trouble finding suitable clothes in main street shops because of their height or weight.

嗯，我通过一家网站销售特殊服装，主要是为那些因身高或体重在主流商店难以找到合适衣服的女性设计。

F: But I do some men's clothes too.

但我也做一些男装。

M: How did you get started in this business at such a young age?

你是如何在这么年轻的年纪开始这项业务的？

M: Are you studying fashion design?

你在学习时装设计吗？

F: Actually, I'm majoring in finance, but I've always loved clothes, and I started making my own at 14.

实际上，我主修金融，但我一直热爱服装，并且在14岁时就开始制作自己的衣服。

M: Did you have any sort of training in design or sewing, or was it a natural ability?

你接受过任何设计或缝纫方面的培训吗，还是这是天生的能力？

F: I'd have to say no to both.

我必须说两者都不是。

F: No one taught me to make clothes, and most of the things I made at first were disasters.

没有人教我制作衣服，而且我最初制作的大多数东西都很糟糕。

M: Why did you persevere?

你为什么坚持不懈？

M: I think most people would give up if they kept failing, especially at that age.

我认为大多数人如果不断失败就会放弃，尤其是在那个年纪。

F: I kept on out of necessity.

我继续下去是出于需要。

F: As you can see, I'm very tall, and I couldn't find clothes that fit me in ordinary shops, so I kept trying and developed my skills over time.

如你所见，我很高，在普通商店找不到合身的衣服，所以我不断尝试，并随着时间的推移提高了我的技能。

M: Well, my notes say you earned $50,000 in profits last year, an extraordinary amount for a 20-year-old student.

嗯，我的笔记显示你去年赚了5万美元的利润，这对一个20岁的学生来说是一笔非凡的金额。

M: How did that happen?

那是怎么发生的？

M: Did you see a gap in the market and decide to fill it?

你是看到了市场缺口并决定填补它吗？

F: No.

不是。

F: When I started university, some classmates complimented my clothes, and when I said I made them myself, other tall women started asking if I would make theirs.

当我开始上大学时，一些同学称赞我的衣服，当我说是我自己做的时，其他高个子女性开始问我是否能为她们制作。

F: And I did, and before I knew it, I was an entrepreneur.

我答应了，在不知不觉中，我成了一名企业家。

M: So what are your plans for the future?

那么你对未来的计划是什么？

M: Do you intend to open a physical store?

你打算开一家实体店吗？

F: No, I'll keep things online to keep costs down, but I will add more clothes for children, both girls and boys, and possibly even for infants, and I hope to add to my range of designs for men.

不，我会保持在线销售以降低成本，但我会增加更多儿童服装，包括女孩和男孩，甚至可能为婴儿设计，并且我希望扩展我的男装设计系列。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题5到8基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 5. What do we learn about the woman?

问题5. 关于这位女性，我们了解到什么？

Question 6. What does the woman say about the clothes she made at first?

问题6. 这位女性对她最初制作的衣服说了什么？

Question 7. Why did the woman persevere in making clothes for herself?

问题7. 为什么这位女性坚持为自己制作衣服？

Question 8. What does the woman plan to do in the future?

问题8. 这位女性未来计划做什么？

Passage 1.

篇章1。

Researchers have identified a potent new antibiotic compound using artificial intelligence.

研究人员利用人工智能发现了一种强效的新抗生素化合物。

The antibiotic can kill very dangerous bacteria.

这种抗生素能杀死非常危险的细菌。

According to a study published in the journal Cell, the compound successfully removed deadly strains of bacteria in mice, which are resistant to all known antibiotics.

根据发表在《Cell》期刊上的一项研究，该化合物成功地消除了小鼠体内致命的细菌菌株，这些菌株对所有已知抗生素具有耐药性。

The researchers say this is the first time that artificial intelligence has been used to find a powerful new antibiotic molecule.

研究人员表示，这是首次利用人工智能发现一种强效的新抗生素分子。

Why does this matter?

为什么这很重要？

The answer is antibiotic resistance.

答案是抗生素耐药性。

This happens when bacteria develop the ability to survive the medications designed to kill them.

这发生在细菌发展出能够存活旨在杀死它们的药物的能力时。

Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to health.

抗生素耐药性是对健康的严重威胁。

And the problem is growing.

而且这个问题正在加剧。

This makes finding new antibiotics very important.

这使得寻找新抗生素变得非常重要。

However, in recent decades, very few have been developed.

然而，近几十年来，很少有新的抗生素被开发出来。

And those that have tend to be very similar to drugs already available.

而那些已经被开发出来的，往往与现有药物非常相似。

These searches also tend to only focus on a narrow spectrum of chemical compounds.

这些搜索也往往只关注狭窄范围的化合物。

But this is where artificial intelligence comes in.

但这正是人工智能发挥作用的地方。

Why?

为什么？

To find new drugs, scientists screen molecules to predict how effective they might be.

为了寻找新药，科学家筛选分子以预测它们可能的有效性。

Typically, such screening is done by humans in the lab, which is both costly and slow.

通常，这种筛选由人类在实验室中进行，既昂贵又缓慢。

Artificial intelligence is different.

人工智能则不同。

It's fast and it can process a high volume.

它速度快，能够处理大量数据。

It can screen hundreds of millions of compounds to identify a few interesting candidates that require experimental testing.

它可以筛选数亿种化合物，识别出一些需要实验测试的有趣候选物。

Artificial intelligence is also able to predict if compounds are likely to be toxic.

人工智能还能够预测化合物是否可能有毒。

Some experts assert that this work signifies a paradigm shift in antibiotic discovery.

一些专家断言，这项工作标志着抗生素发现领域的范式转变。

It could change drug discovery more generally.

它可能更普遍地改变药物发现。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题9至11基于你刚刚听到的篇章。

Question 9. What have researchers done for the first time in history?

问题9. 研究人员在历史上首次做了什么？

Question 10. What makes it important to find new antibiotic drugs?

问题10. 是什么使得寻找新抗生素药物变得重要？

Question 11. What does the passage say artificial intelligence is able to do in antibiotic research?

问题11. 篇章说人工智能在抗生素研究中能够做什么？

Passage 2.

段落2.

A recent study overturned what we think we know about lying.

最近的一项研究颠覆了我们对说谎的认知。

Most of us have a theory about how to tell if someone is telling a lie.

大多数人对于如何判断是否有人说谎都有一套理论。

We may develop that theory from observations of those people we know well and see regularly.

我们可能通过观察那些我们熟悉且经常接触的人来形成这一理论。

But we tend to generalize what we gather from that unscientific daily research and make it a universal theory.

但我们倾向于将从这些不科学的日常观察中得出的东西泛化，并将其变成一个普遍理论。

So, we might imagine that liars have evasive eyes or the opposite, they simply stare at you.

因此，我们可能会想象说谎者眼神躲闪，或者相反，他们只是盯着你看。

Or perhaps it is more generally nervous behavior we associate with lies.

或者，也许我们更多地将紧张行为与说谎联系起来。

Whatever the particular theory, it is usually based on close observation of people we know.

无论具体理论是什么，它通常基于对我们熟悉的人的仔细观察。

And we get lots of practice.

而且我们有很多实践机会。

On average, we are lied to some 200 times per day.

平均而言，我们每天被欺骗约200次。

These are mostly harmless lies, but lies nonetheless.

这些大多是无害的谎言，但终究是谎言。

But there is a problem with our theories, even though they are based on all this observation.

但我们的理论存在问题，尽管它们基于所有这些观察。

The average person, you and me, tested rigorously on how well we detect lies, fails to do better than chance.

普通人，比如你和我，在严格测试下检测谎言的能力并不比随机猜测更好。

That's well established over many studies and lots of attempts by researchers to work out reliable ways to detect lies.

这在许多研究以及研究者为找出可靠测谎方法所做的大量尝试中已被证实。

It's even relatively easy to fool lie detectors.

甚至相对容易欺骗测谎仪。

The gold standard of lie detection by training yourself in breathing techniques and symptom suppression.

通过训练呼吸技巧和抑制症状来达到测谎的黄金标准。

Is there any way to get better at detecting lies?

有没有办法提高检测谎言的能力？

The new research offers some surprising advice.

新研究提供了一些令人惊讶的建议。

Stop looking and listen instead.

停止观看，改为倾听。

It turns out that if we're unable to see the face, but rather focus on the voice of the person in question, our accuracy rate improves considerably.

结果发现，如果我们无法看到面孔，而是专注于相关人的声音，我们的准确率会显著提高。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题12至15基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 12. According to the passage, how do most people detect lying?

问题12. 根据段落，大多数人如何检测谎言？

Question 13. What does the passage say about most lies?

问题13. 段落中关于大多数谎言说了什么？

Question 14. What have many studies uncovered about the average person's lie detection?

问题14. 许多研究揭示了关于普通人测谎能力的什么？

Question 15. What advice does the new research offer regarding lie detection?

问题15. 新研究关于测谎提供了什么建议？

Recording 1.

录音1。

Appear to be submissive, humble, grateful and undemanding.

要显得顺从、谦卑、感恩且不苛求。

Show great pleasure when a doctor comes into your room, even if the visit is brief and useless.

当医生进入你的房间时，要表现出极大的愉悦，即使探访很短暂且无用。

Don't challenge anyone with authority unless you're famous or very rich.

不要挑战任何有权威的人，除非你很有名或非常有钱。

Those are a few strategies for dealing with today's American medical establishment.

这些是处理当今美国医疗体系的一些策略。

What patients want is to be treated with respect and consideration.

患者想要的是受到尊重和体贴的对待。

But in my experience, too few hospitals and doctors are ready to do that.

但根据我的经验，很少有医院和医生准备这样做。

In his book, A Whole New Life, novelist Reynolds Price recalls that his doctors chose a crowded hallway as the place to tell him he might have a tumour on his spinal cord.

在他的书《全新生活》中，小说家Reynolds Price回忆说，他的医生选择了一条拥挤的走廊来告诉他，他的脊髓上可能长了肿瘤。

It did not occur to the two physicians that a hallway was not the most appropriate place for that particular piece of news.

那两位医生没有意识到，走廊并不是传达那条特定消息的最合适场所。

My surgeon, who is in his mid-thirties, looks tired.

我的外科医生大约三十多岁，看起来很疲倦。

He has been overwhelmed with patients who have fallen on the winter ice.

他已经被那些在冬季冰面上摔倒的患者弄得应接不暇。

He is a witty man, but sometimes his wit is unwelcome.

他是个风趣的人，但有时他的风趣并不受欢迎。

The health insurance company Blue Cross wants me to put you out in the snow tomorrow afternoon, he tells me, after I have been in the hospital for more than a week.

他告诉我，在我住院一个多星期后，健康保险公司蓝十字会想让我明天下午把你扔到雪地里。

I'm terrified because I have no idea where to go.

我很害怕，因为我不知道该去哪里。

I cannot walk or even lift my leg a few inches.

我无法行走，甚至无法把腿抬起几英寸。

The hospital social worker strikes me as an idiot, but my complaints about her only annoy my surgeon.

医院社工给我的印象是个白痴，但我对她的抱怨只会惹恼我的外科医生。

I have to work with these people, he tells my friend, Dr.

他告诉我的朋友，医生，我必须与这些人合作。

Karen Brudney, when she mercifully intervenes on my behalf and arranges for me to be transferred to another hospital.

卡伦·布鲁德尼医生仁慈地代表我进行干预，安排我转到另一家医院。

If you say one negative thing, they get defensive, she tells me later.

她后来告诉我，如果你说一句负面的话，他们就会变得戒备。

They have this kind of institutional loyalty.

他们有这种机构忠诚。

Always bring an advocate, that is, any other person, with you to the hospital, and write down every single question and the answer, the name of every doctor and nurse.

总是带一个倡导者，即任何其他人，陪你去医院，并记下每一个问题和答案，每一位医生和护士的名字。

When people know you have their names, they behave better.

当人们知道你有他们的名字时，他们会表现得更好。

And, Brudney adds, if you, as a patient, suggest that you might like to control even part of the situation, or be consulted or informed, then you are considered difficult.

而且，布鲁德尼补充说，如果你作为患者，暗示你可能想控制甚至部分情况，或被咨询或告知，那么你就会被认为是难缠的。

They want you to be totally passive.

他们希望你完全被动。

The entire healthcare system, particularly hospitals and nursing homes, exists for reasons that have nothing to do with taking care of patients.

整个医疗系统，特别是医院和养老院，存在的原因与照顾患者无关。

Patients are incidental.

患者是附带的。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚刚听到的讲座。

Question 16. What does the speaker say about most American hospitals?

问题16. 关于大多数美国医院，演讲者说了什么？

Question 17. What does Karen Brudney suggest patients do?

问题17. 卡伦·布鲁德尼建议患者做什么？

Question 18. What do American doctors expect their patients to be, according to Karen Brudney?

问题18. 根据卡伦·布鲁德尼，美国医生期望他们的患者是什么样的？

Recording 2.

录音2.

There are probably teams you've worked with that you never want to work with again.

可能有一些你曾经共事过的团队，你再也不想与他们合作了。

But there must have also been other teams that you would prize reuniting with professionally.

但肯定也有其他团队，你会珍视在职业生涯中与他们重聚的机会。

In other words, your team had vitality.

换句话说，你的团队有活力。

Vitality comes about when the ties people form with their fellow team members are such that they stay connected even after the team breaks up.

当人们与团队成员之间形成的纽带即使在团队解散后也能保持连接时，活力就产生了。

What characteristics of a team make its members more likely to stay in contact despite no longer working together?

团队的哪些特征使其成员更有可能在不再一起工作的情况下保持联系？

This question has been answered recently in a study published in a business journal.

最近在一本商业期刊上发表的一项研究已经回答了这个问题。

One of the two key factors the research team discovered is sameness, specifically sharing the same gender or ethnic origin.

研究团队发现的两个关键因素之一是同一性，特别是分享相同的性别或族裔起源。

The more members of a team share similar demographics, the more inclined they'll be to remain associates long after the team has served its purpose.

团队成员共享相似人口统计特征越多，他们在团队目的达成后更倾向于保持联系。

After ties are established, similarity strengthens them.

在纽带建立后，相似性会加强它们。

As a result, they regard these individuals with greater trust and mutual understanding, which motivates them to seek further opportunities for collaboration.

因此，他们以更大的信任和相互理解看待这些人，这激励他们寻求进一步合作的机会。

In effect, people tend to create stronger and longer-lasting connections with similar others.

实际上，人们倾向于与相似的人建立更强、更持久的联系。

Someone who looks and sounds different from us may have the resources we need to be more successful, yet we find them to be significantly less credible simply because they are different.

一个看起来和听起来与我们不同的人可能拥有我们更成功所需的资源，但我们发现他们明显不那么可信，仅仅因为他们不同。

If you are a fierce advocate of workplace diversity, you'll no doubt be horrified by such a revelation.

如果你是职场多样性的强烈倡导者，你无疑会对这样的发现感到震惊。

The second factor identified by the researchers is the quality of the relationships among the team members.

研究人员确定的第二个因素是团队成员之间关系的质量。

The more they trust one another, share the same goals, and depend on each other for the achievement of those goals, the stronger their chances of maintaining their connections despite no longer working as one team.

他们越彼此信任、分享相同目标，并为达成这些目标相互依赖，即使不再作为一个团队工作，他们保持联系的机会就越大。

Teams with quality relationships have a shared belief that it's safe to take risks with each other, and that members are obliged to share the workload and help out.

拥有高质量关系的团队有一个共同的信念，即与彼此冒险是安全的，并且成员有义务分担工作量并提供帮助。

From personal experience, I can see both the truth and the inconsistency of such studies.

从个人经验来看，我既看到了这类研究的真实性，也看到了其不一致性。

The truth is some of my closest friendships were formed as a result of having worked together on teams, and I actively seek opportunities to work with them again.

事实是，我一些最亲密的友谊是作为团队合作的结果形成的，我积极寻找机会再次与他们合作。

The inconsistency, though, is that I've never worked for a team more successful and cohesive than the one of which I'm a member right now, and yet the four of us have very little in common and are completely different demographically, so I'm unlikely to question the value of a diverse workforce.

然而，不一致性在于，我从未为比我现在所在的团队更成功、更凝聚的团队工作过，尽管我们四个人几乎没有共同之处，并且在人口统计上完全不同，因此我不太可能质疑多元化劳动力的价值。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题19到22基于你刚刚听到的讲座。

Question 19. What does the speaker say about a team with vitality?

问题19。演讲者对有活力的团队说了什么？

Question 20. What do the researchers find out about members of a team?

问题20。研究人员对团队成员有什么发现？

Question 21. What do we learn about the team the speaker is currently working in?

问题21。我们了解到演讲者目前所在的团队的什么信息？

Recording 3.

录音三。

An American researcher who studied 600 millionaires found how rich you can get comes down to six wealth factors.

一位研究了600名百万富翁的美国研究人员发现，一个人能积累多少财富归结于六个财富因素。

She found that six behaviors are related to net worth potential.

她发现有六种行为与净资产潜力相关。

Regardless of age or income, these were thriftiness, confidence, responsibility, planning, focus, and social indifference.

无论年龄或收入如何，这些因素是：节俭、自信、责任感、规划、专注以及社会冷漠。

Being thrifty comes as no great surprise.

节俭这一点并不令人意外。

Spending above your means, spending instead of saving for retirement, spending in anticipation of becoming wealthy, makes you a slave to the paycheck.

入不敷出、不为退休储蓄而消费、期望变富而提前消费，都会让你成为工资的奴隶。

Even with an astronomical level of income, she wrote, to properly build wealth, experts recommend saving 20% of your income and living off the remaining 80%.

她写道，即使收入水平高得惊人，专家仍建议储蓄收入的20%，并靠剩余的80%生活，以妥善积累财富。

Having confidence is another key characteristic, as it helps people to be thrifty.

拥有自信是另一个关键特征，因为它有助于人们保持节俭。

It takes confidence to live within your means.

量入为出需要自信。

It also takes confidence to invest properly.

进行正确投资也需要自信。

Instead of making investing decisions with your emotions, financial planners advise that you should leave your investments alone and focus on a long-term investment plan.

理财规划师建议，不要凭情绪做投资决定，而应任由投资自然发展，专注于长期投资计划。

But people can't invest, or manage their own money, without accepting responsibility for the outcomes.

但人们若不承担结果的责任，就无法投资或管理自己的钱财。

Many millionaires take on personal responsibility, and most also happen to be self-made, meaning they didn't acquire their wealth through luck.

许多百万富翁承担个人责任，而且大多数人是白手起家，这意味着他们并非靠运气获得财富。

Millionaires don't count on anyone else to make them rich, and they don't blame anyone else if they fall short.

百万富翁不指望别人让他们富有，如果未能达到目标，他们也不会责怪他人。

They focus on things they can control, and align their daily habits to the goals they have set for themselves.

他们专注于可控之事，并调整日常习惯以符合为自己设定的目标。

They tend to be goal-oriented and hard workers, which enables them to plan financially and focus on seeing those plans through.

他们往往目标导向且工作勤奋，这使得他们能够进行财务规划并专注于执行这些计划。

92% of millionaires surveyed developed a long-term plan for their money, and 97% almost always achieved the goals they set for themselves.

92%受访的百万富翁制定了长期的理财计划，97%的人几乎总能实现自己设定的目标。

And it is these behaviors that make it easy for them to be socially indifferent.

正是这些行为使得他们容易表现出社会冷漠。

They resist lifestyle creep, the tendency to spend more whenever one earns more.

他们抵制生活方式膨胀，即收入增加时倾向于消费更多。

Essentially, they don't yield to pressure to buy the latest thing or to keep up with others, or what they have acquired.

本质上，他们不屈服于购买最新物品、追赶他人或与他人所获比较的压力。

Instead of being focused on what might make them happy today, they're focused on their long-term wealth-building plan.

他们不是专注于当下可能使自己快乐的事物，而是专注于长期的财富积累计划。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题23至25基于你刚才听到的讲座。

Question 22. What do experts recommend concerning being thrifty?

问题22。关于节俭，专家有何建议？

Question 23. How does confidence help people to be thrifty?

问题23。自信如何帮助人们保持节俭？

Question 24. How do millionaires react when they fail in their investment?

问题24。当投资失败时，百万富翁如何应对？

Question 25. Why does the speaker say millionaires are socially indifferent? That's the end of Listening Comprehension.

问题25。为什么演讲者说百万富翁具有社会冷漠？听力理解到此结束。