2023年12月六级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

Journal editors decide what gets published and what doesn't, affecting the careers of other academics and influencing the direction that a field takes. You'd hope, then, that journals would do everything they can to establish a diverse editorial board, reflecting a variety of voices, experiences, and identities.

期刊编辑决定哪些文章被发表，哪些不被发表，这影响着其他学者的职业生涯，并左右一个领域的发展方向。因此，人们希望期刊能尽一切努力建立一个多元化的编委会，以反映各种声音、经历和身份。

Unfortunately a new study in Nature Neuroscience makes for disheartening reading. The team finds that the majority of editors in top psychology and neuroscience journals are male and based in the United States: a situation that may be amplifying existing gender inequalities in the field and influencing the kind of research that gets published.

不幸的是，《自然·神经科学》上的一项新研究读起来令人沮丧。研究团队发现，顶级心理学和神经科学期刊的大多数编辑是男性，并且居住在美国：这种情况可能加剧了该领域现有的性别不平等，并影响了被发表的研究类型。

Men were found to account for 60% of the editors of psychology journals. There were significantly more male than female editors at each level of seniority, and men made up the majority of editors in over three quarters of the journals. Crucially, the proportion of female editors was significantly lower than the overall proportion of women psychology researchers.

研究发现，男性占心理学期刊编辑的60%。在每一个资历级别上，男性编辑都显著多于女性编辑，并且在超过四分之三的期刊中，男性编辑占多数。至关重要的是，女性编辑的比例显著低于女性心理学研究人员的整体比例。

The differences were even starker in the neuroscience journals: 70% of editors were male, and men held the majority of editorial positions in 88% of journals. In this case, the proportion of female editors was not significantly lower than the proportion of female researchers working in neuroscience—a finding that reveals enduring gender disparities in the field more broadly.

在神经科学期刊中，这种差异更为明显：70%的编辑是男性，并且在88%的期刊中，男性占据大多数编辑职位。在这种情况下，女性编辑的比例并不显著低于从事神经科学研究的女性研究人员的比例——这一发现揭示了该领域更广泛的持久性别差异。

Based on their results, the team concludes that "the ideas, values and decision-making biases of men are overrepresented in the editorial positions of the most recognized academic journals in psychology and neuroscience."

基于他们的结果，研究团队得出结论：“在心理学和神经科学最受认可的学术期刊的编辑职位中，男性的想法、价值观和决策偏见被过度代表。”

Gender inequality in science is often attributed to the fact that senior academics are more likely to be male, because historically science was male-dominated: it's argued that as time goes on and more women rise to senior roles, the field will become more equal. Yet this study showed that even the junior roles in psychology journals tended to be held disproportionately by men, despite the fact that there are actually more female than male junior psychology faculty.

科学领域的性别不平等常被归因于资深学者更可能是男性的事实，因为历史上科学由男性主导：有人认为，随着时间推移，更多女性晋升到高级职位，该领域将变得更加平等。然而，这项研究表明，即使在心理学期刊的初级职位上，也倾向于由男性不成比例地占据，尽管实际上女性初级心理学教职人员多于男性。

This implies that a lack of female academics is not the problem. Instead, there are structural reasons that women are disadvantaged in science. Women receive lower salaries and face greater childcare demands, for instance, which can result in fewer publications and grants—the kinds of things that journals look for when deciding who to appoint. Rather than simply blaming the inequality of editorial boards on tradition, we should be actively breaking down these existing barriers.

这表明，缺乏女性学者并不是问题所在。相反，女性在科学领域处于劣势有结构性原因。例如，女性薪酬较低，面临更大的育儿需求，这可能导致发表论文和获得资助较少——这些正是期刊在决定任命谁时所看重的因素。我们不应简单地将编委会的不平等归咎于传统，而应积极打破这些现有障碍。

A lack of diversity among journal editors also likely contributes to psychology's WEIRD problem. If journal editors are largely men from the United States, then they will probably place higher value on papers that are relevant to Western, male populations, whether consciously or not.

期刊编辑中缺乏多样性也可能加剧心理学的WEIRD问题。如果期刊编辑主要是来自美国的男性，那么他们可能会更重视与西方男性人群相关的论文，无论是否有意识。