2023年12月六级第1套听力原文及答案解析

Conversation One.

对话一。

M: Hello, Doctor.

你好，医生。

F: Hello, please take a seat. I have your test results here, and it's good news. The blood test came back clear. There is no indication of any digestive issues.

你好，请坐。我这里有你的检查结果，是个好消息。血液测试结果正常，没有显示任何消化系统问题。

M: So then, why do I feel so poorly all the time?

那为什么我一直感觉这么不舒服呢？

F: It's probably due to overwork and stress.

可能是由于过度劳累和压力。

M: No, it can't be. I've always been working hard, but I've never felt stress. Other people suffer and complain about that, but I don't. It must be something else.

不，不可能。我一直努力工作，但从未感到过压力。其他人受苦并抱怨那个，但我不。一定是其他原因。

F: What you have just described is a common sentiment. Many people who suffer from stress fail to recognise it. You told me you often work long into the night, right?

你刚才描述的是一种常见的感受。许多承受压力的人没有意识到它。你告诉我你经常工作到深夜，对吧？

M: Yes, most days in fact. But I've been doing that for about 20 years now.

是的，事实上大多数日子都是。但我这样做已经大约20年了。

F: That doesn't matter. You could have been suffering from stress for 20 years without knowing it, and now it's catching up to you.

那没关系。你可能已经承受了20年的压力而不自知，现在它开始显现了。

M: But what about my feeling tired all the time and not being able to sleep well at night?

但我一直感到疲倦和晚上睡不好怎么办？

F: Those are common consequences of stress. And if you don't sleep well, then of course you will feel fatigued. I'm going to prescribe some special sleeping pills for you. They have a soft, gentle effect and are made from natural ingredients, so your stomach should tolerate them fine, and there shouldn't be any negative side effects. Take one with your dinner and come see me after a month. If there is no improvement, I'll give you something stronger.

这些是压力的常见后果。如果你睡不好，当然会感到疲倦。我会给你开一些特殊的安眠药。它们有温和的效果，由天然成分制成，所以你的胃应该能很好耐受，不会有副作用。晚餐时服一粒，一个月后来看我。如果没有改善，我会给你更强的药。

M: Thank you, Doctor.

谢谢你，医生。

F: That's not all. You should try and work less. Is there any way you can decrease your workload?

还不止这些。你应该试着少工作。有没有办法减少你的工作量？

M: I'd have to think about it. I'm a restaurant manager, and this industry is very competitive. There are many things to keep track of and stay on top of.

我得考虑一下。我是一名餐厅经理，这个行业竞争非常激烈。有很多事情需要跟踪和处理。

F: I recommend you think about delegating some responsibilities to someone else. I'm not asking you to retire, just to slow down a bit. It's for your own health.

我建议你考虑将一些责任委托给其他人。我不是要你退休，只是稍微放慢一点。这是为了你自己的健康。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题1到4基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 1. What do we learn about the man from his test results?

问题1. 从检查结果中我们了解了关于这位男士的什么信息？

Question 2. What does the woman think is a common phenomenon among many people?

问题2. 这位女士认为什么是许多人的常见现象？

Question 3. What does the woman say she will do for the man?

问题3. 这位女士说她将为这位男士做什么？

Question 4. What does the man say about the industry he is engaged in?

问题4. 这位男士对他所在的行业说了什么？

Conversation Two.

对话二。

F: Today on People in the News, our guest is John Williams. The name may not sound familiar to you, but John was once an acclaimed basketball player. John, you stunned fans by leaving the sport at just 25. Why did you retire so early?

今天的《新闻人物》，我们的嘉宾是约翰·威廉姆斯。这个名字你可能不太熟悉，但约翰曾经是一位备受赞誉的篮球运动员。约翰，你在25岁就离开这项运动，令球迷们震惊。你为什么这么早退役？

M: Meg, I loved being an athlete, but I didn't love being a celebrity. I was in the limelight when I was still a high school student and went professional right after high school graduation, which was a mistake. I was a shy kid and I wasn't ready for all the media attention.

梅格，我喜欢当运动员，但我不喜欢成为名人。我还是高中生时就在聚光灯下，高中毕业后直接转为职业球员，这是一个错误。我是个害羞的孩子，还没有准备好应对所有媒体的关注。

F: But walking away from millions of dollars at the height of your career, most people wouldn't be able to resist the lure of such a high salary. When you left the sport, there was speculation that you were having issues with your teammates or even an injury.

但在你职业生涯的巅峰期放弃数百万美元，大多数人无法抗拒如此高薪的诱惑。当你离开这项运动时，有猜测称你与队友有问题，甚至受伤了。

M: Not at all. It was hard to quit. I was tempted to stay in the game because I loved basketball and I loved my team. As for money, I turned professional at 18, so I'd actually earned a lot and saved most of it because I had great financial advisors. I knew basketball wasn't a career with a lot of longevity for most players, so I wanted to change careers while I was still young.

完全不是。放弃很难。我曾被诱惑留在比赛中，因为我热爱篮球和我的球队。至于钱，我18岁就转为职业球员，所以我实际上赚了很多，并且存了大部分，因为我有优秀的财务顾问。我知道篮球对大多数球员来说不是职业生涯很长的运动，所以我想趁年轻转行。

F: Okay, that was 20 years ago and you're back in the news. You've created a foundation that works to get more kids playing team sports. Why?

好吧，那是20年前的事了，你又回到了新闻中。你创建了一个基金会，致力于让更多孩子参与团队运动。为什么？

M: I went to university and I studied public health and learned about the seriousness of the obesity epidemic, particularly among kids and adolescents in poor communities. I've spent the last two decades trying to alleviate the problem. The foundation is just the latest attempt.

我上了大学，学习公共卫生，了解到肥胖流行病的严重性，特别是在贫困社区的孩子和青少年中。过去二十年，我一直在努力缓解这个问题。基金会只是最新的尝试。

F: The foundation uses private donations to support basketball teams for girls and boys in primary school, right?

基金会使用私人捐款支持小学女生和男生的篮球队，对吗？

M: Actually, we support teams for secondary school students too and also have some public funding.

实际上，我们也支持中学生的球队，并且还有一些公共资金。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题5到8基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 5. Why did John Williams leave the sport of basketball at just 25?

问题5。约翰·威廉姆斯为什么在25岁就离开篮球运动？

Question 6. What does the man say about basketball as a career for most players?

问题6。关于篮球作为大多数球员的职业生涯，这位男士说了什么？

Question 7. What do we learn from the woman about John Williams 20 years later?

问题7。从这位女士那里，我们了解到约翰·威廉姆斯20年后的情况是什么？

Question 8. What has the man spent the last two decades trying to do?

问题8。这位男士过去二十年一直在努力做什么？

Passage One.

第一段。

Kate Atkinson was born in York, England in 1951. She worked hard to gain her credentials as an author. She studied English literature at university in Scotland. After graduating in 1974, she researched a doctorate on American literature. Later, she taught at the university she graduated from and began writing short stories in 1981. She began writing for women's magazines after winning the 1986 Women's Own Short Story Competition.

凯特·阿特金森于1951年出生在英格兰的约克。她努力工作，获得了作为作家的资格。她在苏格兰的大学学习英国文学。1974年毕业后，她研究美国文学的博士学位。后来，她在她毕业的大学任教，并于1981年开始创作短篇小说。在赢得1986年《女性自己》短篇小说比赛后，她开始为女性杂志撰稿。

Her first novel, Behind the Scenes at the Museum, won the 1995 UK Book of the Year award. The book is set in Yorkshire and has been adapted for radio, theatre and TV. She has written two plays for a theatre in Edinburgh. The first was called Nice and the second, Abandonment, performed as part of the Edinburgh Festival in August 2000.

她的第一部小说《博物馆幕后》赢得了1995年英国年度图书奖。该书以约克郡为背景，并已被改编为广播、戏剧和电视节目。她为爱丁堡的一家剧院写了两部戏剧。第一部名为《尼斯》，第二部名为《遗弃》，于2000年8月作为爱丁堡艺术节的一部分上演。

Whatever genre Atkinson writes in, her books touch on the themes of love and loss and how to carry on. They are always presented with ingenuity and a wicked sense of humour. Her books tend to be populated by odd, sometimes sinful and generally flawed eccentrics, who become credible by virtue of being so fully realised. Her books have frequently been described as comedies of manners, that is to say, comedies that represent the complex and sophisticated code of behaviour current in fashionable circles of society, where appearances count more than true moral character. A comedy of manners tends to reward its clever and deceitful characters rather than punish their bad deeds. The humour of a comedy of manners relies on verbal wit and playful teasing.

无论阿特金森写何种体裁，她的书都触及爱与失去以及如何继续前行的主题。它们总是以巧妙和一种顽皮的幽默感呈现。她的书往往充斥着古怪、有时罪恶且通常有缺陷的怪人，由于刻画得如此充分而变得可信。她的书常被描述为风俗喜剧，即反映时尚社交圈中复杂而精致的行为准则的喜剧，在那里外表比真正的道德品格更重要。风俗喜剧倾向于奖赏其聪明狡猾的角色，而不是惩罚他们的恶行。风俗喜剧的幽默依赖于语言机智和 playful teasing。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

第9至11题基于你刚刚听到的篇章。

Question 9. When did Kate Atkinson begin to write for women's magazines?

第9题。凯特·阿特金森何时开始为女性杂志撰稿？

Question 10. What do Kate Atkinson's books touch on?

第10题。凯特·阿特金森的书涉及什么主题？

Question 11. What do we learn about the clever and deceitful characters in a comedy of manners?

第11题。关于风俗喜剧中的聪明狡猾角色，我们了解到什么？

Passage Two.

第二段。

Why is adaptability an important skill to exercise in the workplace? Simply put, adaptability is a skill employers are increasingly looking for. When you spend time learning a new task rather than resisting it, your productivity goes up. You can also serve as an example to your co-workers who may be having trouble adapting, and can help lead your team forward.

为什么适应力是在工作场所中运用的一项重要技能？简而言之，适应力是雇主日益寻求的一种技能。当你花时间学习一项新任务而不是抵制它时，你的生产力会提高。你还可以为那些可能难以适应的同事树立榜样，并帮助引领你的团队前进。

Strategy consultant Dory Clark explains it to us this way. I'd say that adaptability is an important skill in the workplace because, frankly, circumstances change. Competitors introduce new products. The economy might enter a recession. Customer preferences differ over time. If you shake your fist at the sky and say, why can't it stay the same, that's not going to do very much good.

战略顾问Dory Clark这样向我们解释。我认为适应力在工作场所中是一项重要技能，因为坦率地说，情况会变化。竞争对手推出新产品。经济可能进入衰退。顾客的偏好随时间而不同。如果你向天空挥拳并说，为什么它不能保持不变，那不会有多大帮助。

Instead, you need to recognise when circumstances have changed so you can take appropriate action based on what is, rather than how you wish the world would be. That enables you to make more accurate, informed and effective choices. Also, the workplace itself has been evolving. Today's work culture and management style is often based on teamwork rather than a rigid hierarchy. Brainstorming, which requires creativity, flexibility and emotional intelligence, is a typical problem-solving technique.

相反，你需要认识到情况何时变化，以便你能根据实际情况采取适当行动，而不是基于你希望世界如何。这使你能够做出更准确、更知情和更有效的选择。此外，工作场所本身也在演变。当今的工作文化和管理风格往往基于团队合作，而不是僵化的层级制度。头脑风暴，需要创造力、灵活性和情商，是一种典型的问题解决技巧。

Employees who are unable or unwilling to participate will not easily move forward in the company. Employees who are flexible demonstrate other skills too. They can re-prioritise quickly when changes occur and suggest additional modifications when something's not working. They can also regroup quickly when a setback occurs, adapting to the new situation confidently and without overreacting.

不能或不愿参与的员工在公司中不易晋升。灵活的员工也展示了其他技能。当变化发生时，他们能快速重新确定优先级，并在某些事情不起作用时建议额外的修改。当遇到挫折时，他们也能迅速重新组合，自信地适应新情况，而不是过度反应。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题12到15基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 12. Why does the speaker say adaptability is an important skill to exercise in the workplace?

问题12。为什么说话者说适应力是在工作场所中运用的一项重要技能？

Question 13. What does adaptability enable us to do, according to strategy consultant Dory Clark?

问题13。根据战略顾问Dory Clark，适应力使我们能够做什么？

Question 14. What do we learn about today's work culture from the passage?

问题14。从这段文字中，我们了解到当今工作文化的什么？

Question 15. What are employees with adaptability able to do when changes occur?

问题15。当变化发生时，具有适应力的员工能够做什么？

Recording One.

录音一。

What makes humans different from other species? Some philosophers argue it's morals or ethics, while some scientists assert it's our greater cognitive development. But I argue that the main difference is our desire to combat routine. This makes being creative a biological mandate, as what we seek in art and technology is surprise, not simply a fulfilment of expectations. As a result, a wild imagination has characterised the history of our species.

人类与其他物种的区别是什么？一些哲学家认为是道德或伦理，而一些科学家则断言是我们更高的认知发展。但我认为主要区别在于我们对抗常规的欲望。这使得创造力成为一种生物学上的必然，因为我们在艺术和技术中寻求的是惊喜，而非仅仅是期望的满足。因此，狂野的想象力一直是我们物种历史的特征。

We build intricate habitats, devise complex recipes for our food, wear clothes that reflect constant changes in fashion, communicate with elaborate signs, symbols and sounds, and travel between habitats on wings and wheels of our own design. To satisfy our appetite for novelty, innovation is key. But who innovates? Now, many people, both laymen and experts, believe that only geniuses innovate.

我们建造复杂的栖息地，为食物设计复杂的配方，穿着反映时尚不断变化的衣服，用精细的符号、标志和声音进行交流，并在我们自己设计的翅膀和轮子之间穿梭于栖息地之间。为了满足我们对新奇的渴望，创新是关键。但谁在创新呢？现在，许多普通人和专家都认为只有天才才能创新。

But I believe that innovation is not something that only a few people do. The innovative drive lives in every human brain, and the resulting war against the repetitive is what powers the massive changes that distinguish one generation from the next. The drive to create the new is a trait of being human. We build cultures by the hundreds and tell new stories by the millions. We create and surround ourselves with things that have never existed before, while animals do not.

但我相信创新不是只有少数人才做的事情。创新动力存在于每个人的大脑中，由此产生的对抗重复的战争推动了巨大的变化，这些变化区分了一代人与下一代人。创造新事物的动力是人类的特质。我们创造数以百计的文化，讲述数以百万计的新故事。我们创造并用从未存在过的事物包围自己，而动物则不然。

But where do our new ideas come from? According to many, new ideas come from seemingly nowhere, to great minds. From this perspective, new ideas are almost like magic. They come in a flash of inspiration to a select few. However, the reality is that, across the spectrum of human activities, prior work propels the creative process. We may think of innovation as being the result of inspiration or genius, but it's really the result of developing the ideas of others further.

但我们的新想法从何而来？许多人认为，新想法对伟大的头脑来说似乎凭空而来。从这个角度看，新想法几乎像魔法一样。它们在灵感的闪现中降临到少数人身上。然而，现实是，在人类活动的各个领域，先前的工作推动着创造性过程。我们可能认为创新是灵感或天才的结果，但它实际上是进一步发展他人想法的结果。

This happens in technology, where one invention enables or inspires further inventions. And it happens in the arts, as writers, composers, and painters use the work of previous artists in their own work. The human brain works from precedent. We take the ideas we've inherited and put them together into some new shape. What is a true creator? Is a creator a genius who makes something out of nothing? No. Creators are simply humans who use what they inherit, who absorb the past and manipulate it to create possible futures. Thus, humans are creators as a rule, rather than as an exception.

这在技术领域发生，一项发明促使或启发进一步的发明。在艺术领域也是如此，作家、作曲家和画家在他们的作品中使用先前艺术家的作品。人类大脑基于先例工作。我们把继承的想法组合成新的形状。什么是真正的创造者？创造者是凭空创造的天才吗？不。创造者只是使用他们所继承的东西，吸收过去并操纵它来创造可能的未来的普通人。因此，人类作为创造者是常态，而非例外。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚刚听到的录音。

Question 16. What question does the speaker address in this talk?

问题16. 演讲者在这次谈话中探讨了什么问题？

Question 17. What does the speaker believe about innovation?

问题17. 演讲者对创新持什么看法？

Question 18. How does the human brain work, according to the speaker?

问题18. 根据演讲者，人类大脑是如何工作的？

Recording Two.

录音二。

Many dog owners will tell you that their dog somehow knows when they're ill or upset. And, according to researchers who study dog cognition, those pet owners are right. Dogs do know when their human companions are having a rough time. Not only can your dog sense when you have a cold, but domestic dogs have shown an aptitude for detecting both much smaller mood fluctuations and far more serious physical conditions. This is because dogs are extremely sensitive to changes in the people they're familiar with, and illness causes change.

许多狗主会告诉你，他们的狗不知怎的知道他们何时生病或难过。而且，根据研究狗认知能力的学者，这些宠物主人是对的。狗确实知道它们的人类伴侣何时处于困境。你的狗不仅能察觉你是否感冒，家犬还表现出检测更微小的情绪波动以及远为严重的身体状况的能力。这是因为狗对它们所熟悉的人身上的变化极为敏感，而疾病会引起变化。

If a person is infected with a virus or bacteria, for example, their odour will be abnormal, and dogs are able to smell that change even if the human can't, because dogs have a much more powerful sense of smell than humans. Researchers have also found that a person's mood, which can be an indicator of a larger illness, triggers a dog's sense of smell. Human emotions manifest physically in chemical signals that are emitted by the body, and dogs are able to smell those as well.

例如，如果一个人感染了病毒或细菌，他们的气味就会异常，而狗能够嗅出这种变化，即使人类无法察觉，因为狗的嗅觉比人类强大得多。研究人员还发现，一个人的情绪——这可能是更重大疾病的征兆——也会触发狗的嗅觉。人类的情绪通过身体发出的化学信号在生理上显现，狗也能嗅到这些信号。

Beyond smell, dogs gather information from a person's voice in order to sense changes. In 2014, researchers discovered that dogs have an area of the brain similar to one in humans that allows them to understand emotional cues in the tone of a speaker's voice, beyond what they'd be able to pick up from familiar words alone. A person's voice can also carry indicators of illness. What's not understood quite so well is what dogs understand about these changes.

除了嗅觉，狗还通过人的声音收集信息以感知变化。2014年，研究人员发现，狗的大脑中有一个类似于人类的区域，使它们能够理解说话者声音语调中的情绪线索，而不仅仅是通过熟悉的词汇来理解。一个人的声音也可能携带疾病的迹象。目前理解得不太清楚的是，狗对这些变化究竟了解多少。

Humans send out lots of cues, but whether dogs know some of these cues mean illness isn't clear. What we perceive as concern on a dog's part might be more like increased curiosity or suspicion that something is wrong with us, and sticking close by is a great way to gather more information about the situation. Some researchers assert dogs will one day help doctors diagnose diseases, as some dogs have already demonstrated the ability to detect an assortment of ailments, including diabetes and certain types of cancer. But those researchers concede that's probably in the distant future. For now, research suggests dog ownership can have an array of benefits in and of itself. Keeping a pet dog has been shown to bolster health and boost mood. Dogs also help people relax, and they can be a particular comfort to those with chronic diseases.

人类会发出许多信号，但狗是否知道其中一些信号意味着疾病尚不清楚。我们认为的狗表现出的关切，可能更像是增加的好奇心或怀疑我们出了什么问题，而紧跟着是收集更多关于情况信息的好方法。一些研究人员认为，狗终有一天会帮助医生诊断疾病，因为有些狗已经展现出检测多种疾病的能力，包括糖尿病和某些类型的癌症。但这些研究人员承认，那可能是在遥远的未来。目前，研究表明养狗本身就有一系列好处。养宠物狗已被证明能增强健康、提振情绪。狗还能帮助人们放松，对患有慢性疾病的人来说尤其是一种安慰。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

第19至21题基于你刚刚听到的录音。

Question 19. What view of many dog owners wins support from researchers studying dog cognition?

问题19。许多狗主人的哪种观点得到了研究狗认知能力的学者的支持？

Question 20. Why can dogs detect their owner's abnormal odour, according to the speaker?

问题20。根据说话者，为什么狗能察觉主人异常的体味？

Question 21. What does research suggest, for now, about dog ownership?

问题21。目前，关于养狗，研究表明了什么？

Recording Three.

录音三。

Earlier this month, the think tank called Onward published a report, A Question of Degree, which argues that degrees in the creative arts are not good value for money. Ministers, according to Onward, should crack down on courses that offer extremely limited value for money to students 10 years after graduation, restricting the ability of such courses to recruit new students if the average graduate earns below the student loans payment threshold. Courses like science, technology, engineering and maths, and economics, where the average graduate earns a lot, should be favoured. The report provides insight into a government review which looks at how to reform technical education and how to ensure students get good value for money.

本月早些时候，名为Onward的智库发布了一份报告《学位之问》，其中指出创意艺术学位性价比不高。根据Onward的说法，部长们应该打击那些在学生毕业10年后提供极低性价比的课程，如果毕业生平均收入低于学生贷款还款门槛，就限制这些课程招收新学生的能力。像科学、技术、工程和数学以及经济学等毕业生平均收入较高的课程应受到青睐。该报告为一项政府审查提供了见解，该审查着眼于如何改革技术教育以及如何确保学生获得物有所值的教育。

At first glance, it might even seem like Onward have a point. According to their data, the majority of creative arts students earn less than 25,000 pounds a year, 10 years after graduation. The average male creative arts students, indeed, apparently earn much less than they would had they simply never gone to university. This isn't really good for anyone, and it's certainly no good for graduates, who are forced to endure a lifestyle where they can never save up, never buy a house, never hope to retire.

乍一看，Onward似乎有道理。根据他们的数据，大多数创意艺术学生在毕业10年后年收入低于25,000英镑。事实上，男性创意艺术学生的平均收入显然远低于他们从未上过大学的情况。这对任何人都不好，对毕业生尤其不利，他们被迫忍受一种永远无法储蓄、永远买不起房、永远无法指望退休的生活方式。

Onward have identified a real problem. But creative arts graduates from top universities like Oxford, with a high proportion of privately educated students, have fairly good work prospects, while 40% of all graduates, regardless of their degree, are on less than 25,000 pounds a year, 5 years after graduation. This suggests that the problem isn't really to do with specific students studying specific degrees, but really with the economy as a whole.

Onward发现了一个真正的问题。但像牛津这样拥有高比例私立教育学生的顶尖大学的创意艺术毕业生，工作前景相当不错，而所有毕业生中，无论其学位如何，40%的人在毕业5年后年收入低于25,000英镑。这表明问题实际上与特定学生学习特定学位无关，而是与整体经济有关。

Regardless of what they've studied, young people find it hard to get ahead, unless they're lucky enough to be born with successful parents. If ministers want to make education pay for young people, they need to look beyond the higher education sector, towards the wider world. The rewards that education gives us are not measurable. They are not always instantly obvious, and certainly not always direct. And education makes you a different person from the one you would have been if you hadn't received it. We need to look at the value of education not in the context of a bank balance, but of a life. If we continue to allow ourselves to be distracted with talk of value for money, we will all be made poorer as a result.

无论他们学了什么，年轻人发现很难取得成功，除非他们幸运地出生在有成功父母的家庭。如果部长们想让教育对年轻人有回报，他们需要超越高等教育领域，看向更广阔的世界。教育给予我们的回报是不可衡量的。它们并不总是立即显现，当然也并不总是直接的。教育使你成为如果你没有接受教育就不会成为的人。我们需要审视教育的价值，不是基于银行账户余额，而是基于生活。如果我们继续让自己被性价比的讨论分散注意力，结果是我们都会变得更贫穷。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

问题22至25基于你刚刚听到的录音。

Question 22. What does Onward's report propose ministers should do?

问题22. Onward的报告提议部长们应该做什么？

Question 23. What does the speaker think of Onward's arguments?

问题23. 说话者对Onward的论点有何看法？

Question 24. What do we learn about British people?

问题24. 我们对英国人有什么了解？

Question 25. What does the speaker say actually accounts for the problem identified by Onward?

问题25. 说话者说实际上是什么导致了Onward发现的问题？