2024年12月六级第3套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

There are hundreds of personality quizzes online that assert they can ascertain whether the right or left half of your brain is dominant. Left-brained people are supposedly logical and excel at language and math while right-brained people are more imaginative, emotionally intelligent and skilled with spatial reasoning. There's just one problem: That's not how brains work.

网上有数百个性格测试声称能确定你的大脑是右半球还是左半球占主导。据称，左脑主导的人逻辑性强，擅长语言和数学，而右脑主导的人更具想象力、情商高，且擅长空间推理。但只有一个问题：大脑并非如此运作。

Popular science enthusiasts sort of took this idea and ran with it, and it's become woven in popular culture now, and it's not going away.

科普爱好者某种程度上接受了这个想法并加以推广，它现在已经融入流行文化，并且不会消失。

Despite this enduring belief, there's no such thing as being "right-brained" or "left-brained." Whether you're someone who tends more towards creativity or logic has nothing to do with one hemisphere of your brain being dominant over the other. But the actual science of how the two halves of our brains work together is sometimes stranger than fiction.

尽管这种信念持久存在，但并不存在所谓的“右脑主导”或“左脑主导”。你更倾向于创造力还是逻辑，与大脑的一个半球是否主导另一个无关。但关于我们大脑两半球如何协同工作的实际科学，有时比小说更奇特。

The human brain is divided into two hemispheres, the left and right. In all vertebrate (脊椎的) animals, the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vice versa. And scientists have long known, thanks to the behaviors of patients who suffered brain injuries, that different areas of the brain do different things.

人脑分为两个半球，左半球和右半球。在所有脊椎动物中，右半球控制身体左侧，反之亦然。科学家们早已知道，由于脑损伤患者的行为，大脑的不同区域执行不同的功能。

But many scientists struggled with this idea, because the very suggestion that the left and right halves of the brain operate differently disrupted the idea that nature tends toward perfect symmetry.

但许多科学家对这个想法感到困扰，因为左右脑运作不同的观点破坏了自然界趋向完美对称的理念。

Work by neuroscientists (神经科学家) has revealed the importance of different hemispheres of the brain for different activities. However, their research quickly saw some misinterpretations in the general public: Some presumed creative people must be right-brained and logical people left-brained. It is proven that not only is personality unrelated to the different halves of the brain, but people aren't really right- or left-brained to begin with. The idea that we have left-dominant people and right-dominant people, and that this is related to personality, is categorically false. That's never been supported in the neuroscience community. Neuroscientists don't believe that and never have.

神经科学家（神经科学家）的研究揭示了大脑不同半球对不同活动的重要性。然而，他们的研究很快在公众中引起了一些误解：一些人推测有创造力的人一定是右脑主导，逻辑性强的人左脑主导。事实证明，不仅个性与大脑的不同半球无关，而且人们从一开始就不是真正的右脑或左脑主导。认为我们有左脑主导和右脑主导的人，并且这与个性相关的观点是完全错误的。这从未在神经科学界得到支持。神经科学家不相信这一点，也从未相信过。

What scientists learned is that there are really important differences between the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. It's just that they have nothing to do with personality or whether cognitive strategy is more logical or free spirited or creative. While researchers have shown the limitations of how the hemispheres of our brains influence our lives, it's not difficult to understand the appeal of such ideas. People are endlessly fascinated by themselves and their friends, and the subtle differences in how people think about the world are really meaningful to them. When you come up with an online quiz that tells us something about ourselves, we're drawn to that. It's irresistible. But you have to take it with an enormous grain of salt.

科学家了解到，左半球和右半球之间确实存在非常重要的差异。只是这些差异与个性或认知策略是否更逻辑、自由奔放或富有创造力无关。虽然研究人员已经展示了大脑半球影响我们生活的局限性，但不难理解这种想法的吸引力。人们对自己和朋友着迷不已，而人们思考世界的方式中的细微差异对他们来说确实很有意义。当你提出一个在线测试来告诉我们一些关于自己的事情时，我们会被吸引。这是无法抗拒的。但你必须极其谨慎地对待它。