2013年考研英语一阅读 Text 4 原文翻译及答案解析

On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday - a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

周一，最高法院以五比三的投票结果，推翻了亚利桑那州移民法的大部分内容——这对奥巴马政府来说是一个适度的政策胜利。但在更重要的宪法问题上，该决定以8比0的结果挫败了奥巴马政府试图打破联邦政府与各州之间权力平衡的努力。

In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.

在亚利桑那州诉美国案中，多数法官推翻了亚利桑那州备受争议的计划中四项争议条款中的三项，该计划旨在让州和地方警察执行联邦移民法。宪法原则——即只有联邦政府有权“制定统一的归化规则”以及联邦法律优先于州法律——是无争议的。亚利桑那州曾试图制定与现行联邦政策并行的州政策。

Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held Congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers.

大法官安东尼·肯尼迪，连同首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨和法院的自由派法官，裁定该州越界侵犯了联邦权力。对于被推翻的条款，多数法官认为国会故意“占据了这一领域”，亚利桑那州因此侵犯了联邦的特权权力。

However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That's because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

然而，法官们表示，亚利桑那州警察将被允许核实与执法部门接触者的法律身份。这是因为国会一直设想联邦与州联合执行移民法，并明确鼓励州官员与联邦同事共享信息并合作。

Two of the three objecting Justices - Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas - agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

三位反对法官中的两位——塞缪尔·阿利托和克拉伦斯·托马斯——同意这一宪法逻辑，但对亚利桑那州哪些规则与联邦法规冲突存在分歧。唯一的主要反对意见来自大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚，他提供了对州特权的更加强有力的辩护，可追溯到《外侨与煽动叛乱法》。

The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as "a shocking assertion of federal executive power". The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.

对奥巴马总统的8比0反对意见，基于大法官塞缪尔·阿利托在其反对意见中描述的“对联邦行政权力的令人震惊的断言”。白宫辩称，亚利桑那州的法律与其执法优先事项冲突，即使州法律严格遵守联邦法规。实际上，白宫声称它可以废除任何它不同意的、原本合法的州法律。

Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

某些权力确实专属于联邦政府，对公民身份和边界的控制就是其中之一。但如果国会想阻止各州使用自己的资源来检查移民身份，它可以这样做。它从未这样做过。政府实质上是在断言，因为它不想执行国会的移民意愿，所以任何州也不应被允许这样做。每位法官都正确地拒绝了这一惊人主张。

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