2013年考研英语一新题型 Part B 原文翻译及答案

The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

社会科学正蓬勃发展。截至2005年，全球各领域专业社会科学家近50万人，他们在学术界内外工作。根据《2010年世界社会科学报告》，自2000年以来，全球社会科学学生人数每年增长约11%。

Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)______________.Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

然而，这一巨大资源并未充分应对当今的全球性挑战，包括气候变化、安全、可持续发展和健康。这些问题都根源于人类行为：都需要行为改变和社会创新，以及技术发展。例如，遏制气候变化既关乎改变消费模式和促进税收接受度，也关乎发展清洁能源。人类拥有必要的农业技术工具来消除饥饿，从基因工程作物到人造肥料。这里，问题也是社会性的：食物、财富和繁荣的组织与分配。

(42)______________This is a shame - the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.

尽管存在这些因素，许多社会科学家似乎不愿解决这类问题。在欧洲，一些人强烈反对一项提议，即取消社会科学的特定资助类别，并将其整合到可持续发展的跨学科主题中。这很遗憾——该群体应抓住机会提升其在现实世界的影响力。借用伟大的社会科学家约瑟夫·熊彼特的话：没有创造性破坏，就没有根本性创新。

Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords "environmental change" or "climate change" have increased rapidly since 2004. (43) ______________

如今，社会科学主要关注学科问题和内部学术辩论，而非具有外部影响的主题。分析显示，自2004年以来，包含关键词“环境变化”或“气候变化”的论文数量迅速增加。然而，数量仍然很小：2010年，全球发表的10万篇社会科学论文中，约1600篇包含这些关键词之一。

When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.

当社会科学家处理实际问题时，他们的范围往往是局部的：例如，比利时主要关注贫困对比利时的影响。而且，该群体的工作是否对整体知识积累有显著贡献值得怀疑。

The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44)______

问题不一定在于可用资金的数量。在20世纪90年代末，国家对社会科学和人文学科的支出占所有研发资金（包括政府、高等教育、非营利和企业）的比例从约4%到25%不等；在大多数欧洲国家，这一比例约为15%。

This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.

只要方向正确，这一数额是足够的。抱怨资金不足的社会科学家在当前的经济环境下不应期望更多。

- 11 -

- 11 -

The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) ______________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.

关键在于更好地引导这些资金。欧盟框架资助计划长期以来有一个专门针对社会科学家的类别。今年，有人提议改变该系统：将于2014年实施的新计划“Horizon 2020”将不设此类别。这引起了社会科学家的抗议。但意图并非忽视社会科学；恰恰相反。想法是迫使社会科学家将他们的工作与其他类别整合，包括健康与人口变化；食品安全；海洋研究与生物经济；清洁高效能源；以及包容、创新和安全的社会。这应能促进更多协作努力，并帮助直接针对解决全球问题的项目发展。

[A] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories,

[A] 想法是迫使社会科学家将他们的工作与其他类别整合，

including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the

包括健康与人口变化；食品安全；海洋研究和

bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure

生物经济；清洁高效能源；以及包容、创新和安全

societies. [B] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it

社会。[B] 解决方案是改变学术界的心态，以及它

considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to

认为的主要目标。全球挑战和社会创新应该

receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones. [C] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that 1s

受到科学家，尤其是年轻科学家的更多关注。[C] 可能是，我们正在形成两个社会科学家群体：一个

discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is

以学科为导向，在高度专业化的期刊上发表文章，另一个

problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs. [D] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social

以问题为导向，在其他地方发表，如政策简报。[D] 然而，数量仍然很小：2010年，全球发表的10万篇社会

sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords. [E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral

科学论文中，约1600篇包含这些关键词之一。[E] 这些问题都根源于人类行为：都需要行为

change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming

改变和社会创新，以及技术发展。遏制

climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns

气候变化，例如，既关乎改变消费模式

and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy. [F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such

和促进税收接受度，也关乎发展清洁能源。[F] 尽管存在这些因素，许多社会科学家似乎不愿解决这类

problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific

问题。在欧洲，一些人强烈反对一项提议，即取消一个特定的

funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross

社会科学的资助类别，并将其整合到跨

cutting topics of sustainable development. [G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities

学科可持续发展主题中。[G] 在20世纪90年代末，国家对社会科学和人文学科的支出

as a percentage of all research and development funds - including government,

占所有研发资金（包括政府，

higher education, non-profit and corporate - varied from around 4% to 25%;

高等教育、非营利和企业）的比例从约4%到25%不等；

in most European nations, it is about 15%.

在大多数欧洲国家，这一比例约为15%。

- 12 -

- 12 -

Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)______________. Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

然而，这一巨大资源并未充分应对当今的全球性挑战，包括气候变化、安全、可持续发展和健康。这些问题都根源于人类行为：都需要行为改变和社会创新，以及技术发展。例如，遏制气候变化既关乎改变消费模式和促进税收接受度，也关乎发展清洁能源。人类拥有必要的农业技术工具来消除饥饿，从基因工程作物到人造肥料。这里，问题也是社会性的：食物、财富和繁荣的组织与分配。

(42)______________ This is a shame - the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.

尽管存在这些因素，许多社会科学家似乎不愿解决这类问题。在欧洲，一些人强烈反对一项提议，即取消社会科学的特定资助类别，并将其整合到可持续发展的跨学科主题中。这很遗憾——该群体应抓住机会提升其在现实世界的影响力。借用伟大的社会科学家约瑟夫·熊彼特的话：没有创造性破坏，就没有根本性创新。

Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords "environmental change" or "climate change" have increased rapidly since 2004. (43)______________

如今，社会科学主要关注学科问题和内部学术辩论，而非具有外部影响的主题。分析显示，自2004年以来，包含关键词“环境变化”或“气候变化”的论文数量迅速增加。然而，数量仍然很小：2010年，全球发表的10万篇社会科学论文中，约1600篇包含这些关键词之一。

The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44)______________ This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.

问题不一定在于可用资金的数量。在20世纪90年代末，国家对社会科学和人文学科的支出占所有研发资金（包括政府、高等教育、非营利和企业）的比例从约4%到25%不等；在大多数欧洲国家，这一比例约为15%。只要方向正确，这一数额是足够的。抱怨资金不足的社会科学家在当前的经济环境下不应期望更多。

But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)______________ That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.

但意图并非忽视社会科学；恰恰相反。想法是迫使社会科学家将他们的工作与其他类别整合，包括健康与人口变化；食品安全；海洋研究与生物经济；清洁高效能源；以及包容、创新和安全的社会。这应能促进更多协作努力，并帮助直接针对解决全球问题的项目发展。