2015年考研英语一阅读 Text 3 原文翻译及答案解析

The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.

期刊《科学》正在为其同行评审过程增加一轮额外的统计检查，主编玛西娅·麦克纳特今日宣布。这一政策是在其他期刊采取类似措施之后推出的，此前人们普遍担忧数据分析中的基本错误正导致许多已发表研究结果不可重复。

"Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal," writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal's internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.

麦克纳特在社论中写道：“读者必须对我们期刊上发表的结论有信心。”与美国统计协会合作，该期刊已任命七名专家组成统计评审编辑委员会（SBoRE）。稿件将被标记，由期刊的内部编辑、现有评审编辑委员会或外部同行评审员进行额外审查。SBoRE小组随后将寻找外部统计学家来审查这些稿件。

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: "The creation of the 'statistics board' was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."

当被问及是否有特定论文推动了这一变化时，麦克纳特表示：“创建‘统计委员会’是出于对统计学和数据分析在科学研究中应用的广泛担忧，也是《科学》提高我们发表研究可重复性整体努力的一部分。”

Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to "play primarily an advisory role." He agreed to join because he "found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science."

哈佛公共卫生学院的生物统计学家乔瓦尼·帕米贾尼，SBoRE小组成员，表示他预计该委员会将“主要发挥咨询作用。”他同意加入是因为他“发现SBoRE成立背后的前瞻性新颖、独特，并可能产生持久影响。这种影响不仅将通过《科学》本身的出版物体现，而且希望通过更多出版机构效仿《科学》的方式实现。”

John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is "a most welcome step forward" and "long overdue". "Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review," he says, but he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.

研究研究方法的医生约翰·约安尼迪斯表示，这一政策是“最值得欢迎的进步”且“早就应该实施”。他说：“大多数期刊在统计审查方面薄弱，这损害了它们所发表内容的质量。我认为，对于当今大多数科学论文，统计审查比专家审查更为重要。”但他指出，生物医学期刊如《内科学年鉴》、《美国医学会杂志》和《柳叶刀》非常重视统计审查。

Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyse data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, "engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process". Vaux says that Science's idea to pass some papers to statisticians "has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify 'the papers that need scrutiny' in the first place".

细胞生物学家戴维·沃克斯指出，专业科学家被期望知道如何分析数据，但统计错误在已发表研究中惊人地普遍。他曾在2012年写道，研究人员应提高标准，但期刊也应采取更严格的措施，“聘用具备统计知识的评审员和能验证过程的编辑”。沃克斯表示，《科学》将一些论文转交给统计学家的想法“有一定优点，但弱点是它首先依赖评审编辑委员会来识别‘需要审查的论文’。”