2022年考研英语二阅读 Text 3 原文翻译及答案解析
本页收录2022年考研英语二阅读理解 Part A 第 3 篇的原文、全文翻译与逐题解析。Part A 共 4 篇、20 题、40 分，是考研英语分值最高的部分，题型以细节题、推断题、主旨题与词义题为主。
We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.
我们都在个人和职业生活中遇到过它们。想想那些你感到被欺骗或沮丧的时刻，比如一个会员或订阅服务，注册过程流畅但后来却难以取消。本应简单透明的事物，可能有意或无意地变得复杂，从而损害消费者的选择。这些都是“暗黑模式”的例子。
First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, “dark patterns” is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to “roach motel,“ where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.
“暗黑模式”一词由用户体验专家Harry Brignull于2010年首次提出，是一个总称，指通过操纵用户界面来影响用户决策能力的做法。Brignull确定了12种常见的暗黑模式，从误导和隐藏成本到“蟑螂汽车旅馆”，即用户体验起初看起来简单直观，但当用户试图退出时变得困难。
In a 201’ study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.
在一项2011年对53,000个产品页面和11,000个网站的研究中，研究人员发现大约十分之一的设计采用了这些做法。尽管暗黑模式广泛存在，但其概念仍不为人们充分理解。企业和非营利组织的领导者应该了解暗黑模式，并努力避免它们所产生的灰色地带。
Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception.”
伦理的、有说服力的设计与暗黑模式之间的界限在哪里？企业应该与IT、合规、风险和法律团队进行对话，审查其隐私政策，并在讨论中包括负责公司用户界面的客户/用户体验设计师和编码员，以及负责注册、购物篮、定价和促销的营销人员和广告商。任何或所有这些团队都可以在创造或避免“数字欺骗”中发挥作用。
Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that "ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights.” The regulations aim to ban dark patterns一 this means prohibiting companies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out.”
立法者和监管机构正慢慢开始解决围绕暗黑模式的模糊性，最近是在州层面。3月，加利福尼亚州总检察长宣布批准了《加利福尼亚消费者隐私法》（CCPA）下的附加法规，“确保消费者在寻求行使其数据隐私权利时不会感到困惑或被误导。”这些法规旨在禁止暗黑模式——这意味着禁止公司使用令人困惑的语言或不必要的步骤，例如强迫他们点击多个屏幕或倾听他们不应选择退出的理由。
As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements but also to industry best practices and standards.
随着更多州考虑颁布额外法规，企业界内部需要更大的问责制。暗黑模式也可以通过自我监管来解决，但前提是组织对自己负责，不仅对法律要求，还对行业最佳实践和标准负责。
2022年 英 语 （二 ）试题 第 7 页 共 1 4 页
2022年 英语（二）试题 第 7 页 共 14 页