2025年考研英语一阅读 Text 3 原文翻译及答案解析

Ever since taking on Netflix Inc. at its own game, old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming, with the likes of Disney+, Peacock and Paramount+ losing billions of dollars each year, sparking concerns on Wall Street that the services will never be as profitable as cable once was. But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners: pirates that use software to rip a film or television show in seconds from legitimate online video platforms and host the titles on their own illegitimate services, which rake in about $2 billion annually from ads and subscriptions.

自从与Netflix Inc.正面竞争以来，好莱坞老牌公司在流媒体领域一直难以盈利，Disney+、Peacock和Paramount+等平台每年亏损数十亿美元，引发华尔街担忧这些服务永远不会像有线电视那样盈利。但流媒体时代对一些意外赢家来说却是福音：海盗利用软件在几秒钟内从合法在线视频平台窃取电影或电视剧，并在自己的非法服务上托管这些内容，通过广告和订阅每年赚取约20亿美元。

With no video production costs, illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins approaching 90%, according to the Motion Picture Association (MPA), a trade group representing Hollywood studios that's working to crack down on the thousands of illegal platforms that have cropped up in recent years.

据美国电影协会（MPA）称，由于没有视频制作成本，非法流媒体网站的利润率接近90%。MPA是代表好莱坞电影公司的行业组织，正在努力打击近年来涌现的数千个非法平台。

Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital piracy, which had largely been based on file uploads. But now piracy involving illegal streaming services as well as file-sharing costs the US economy about $30 billion in lost revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs, estimates the US Chamber of Commerce's Global Innovation Policy Center. The global impact is about $71 billion annually.

起初，Netflix等合法在线业务的兴起实际上帮助遏制了数字盗版，这些盗版主要基于文件上传。但现在，涉及非法流媒体服务和文件共享的盗版每年给美国经济造成约300亿美元的收入损失和约25万个工作岗位，据美国商会全球创新政策中心估计。全球影响每年约为710亿美元。

“The people who are stealing our movies and our television shows and operating piracy sites are not mom and pop operations,” says Charlie Rivkin, chief executive officer of the MPA. “This is organized crime.” Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valley to win passage of legislation in Congress aimed at stopping online piracy. In 2017 the association formed the Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment (ACE), an enforcement task force of about 100 detectives circling the globe to help local authorities arrest streaming pirates.

MPA首席执行官查理·里夫金说：“偷窃我们电影和电视剧并运营盗版网站的人不是小本经营，这是有组织犯罪。”里夫金于2017年加入MPA，此前五年该组织未能在好莱坞和硅谷之间建立共识，以推动国会通过旨在制止在线盗版的立法。2017年，该协会成立了创意与娱乐联盟（ACE），这是一个由约100名侦探组成的执法特别工作组，在全球范围内帮助当地当局逮捕流媒体盗版者。

ACE says it's helped shrink the number of illegal streaming services in North America to 126, from more than 1,400 in 2018, aided in part by the MPA's support for a 2020 federal law that made large-scale streaming of copyrighted material a serious crime.

ACE表示，它帮助将北美非法流媒体服务的数量从2018年的1400多个减少到126个，部分得益于MPA支持2020年的一项联邦法律，该法律将大规模流媒体传输受版权保护的材料定为严重犯罪。

Consulting firm Parks Associates predicts that legitimate US streaming services' cumulative loss from piracy since 2022 will reach $113 billion in the next two years. “While there is some optimism that emerging countermeasures and best practices may see piracy begin to plateau by 2027, there is no consensus among stakeholders as to when it may begin to decline,” says analyst Steve Hawley.

咨询公司Parks Associates预测，美国合法流媒体服务自2022年以来的累计盗版损失将在未来两年达到1130亿美元。分析师史蒂夫·霍利说：“尽管有人乐观地认为，新兴对策和最佳实践可能使盗版在2027年开始趋于平稳，但利益相关者对于盗版何时开始下降尚无共识。”