2016年06月四级第2套听力原文及答案解析

News Report 1.

新闻报道1。

You probably think college students are experts at sleeping, but parties, preparations for tests, personal problems, and general stress can rag a student's sleep habits, which can be bad for the body and the mind.

你可能认为大学生是睡眠专家，但派对、考试准备、个人问题和普遍的压力会干扰学生的睡眠习惯，这对身体和心灵都有害。

Texas Tech University is even offering a class called Improving Your Sleep Habits.

德克萨斯理工大学甚至开设了一门名为‘改善你的睡眠习惯’的课程。

People suffering from sleep loss are at increased risk from obesity, psychological problems, and car crashes.

遭受睡眠不足的人面临肥胖、心理问题和车祸的风险增加。

Students who don't get enough sleep have poor attendance and lower grades.

睡眠不足的学生出勤率低，成绩较差。

On top of all that, a new study published in the journal Learning and Memory finds you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test.

除此之外，发表在《学习与记忆》期刊上的一项新研究发现，你可能睡觉比临时准备考试更好。

Two hundred college kids were taught to play some unfamiliar video games.

两百名大学生被教玩一些不熟悉的视频游戏。

Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again twelve hours later.

在早上学习游戏的受试者在十二小时后再次玩时失去了一些技能。

But they did much better after getting a good night's sleep.

但经过一夜良好的睡眠后，他们表现得更好。

So, if you really want to do your job well, don't forget to get some sleep.

所以，如果你真的想做好工作，别忘了睡点觉。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和2基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. What is the news report mainly about?

问题1. 这个新闻报道主要关于什么？

Question 2. What is the finding of the new study published in the journal Learning and Memory?

问题2. 发表在《学习与记忆》期刊上的新研究发现了什么？

News Report 2.

新闻报道 2。

Long queues, delayed flights, and overcrowding at airports have become almost as much a topic for conversation in Britain as the traditional complaining about the weather.

长队、航班延误和机场过度拥挤在英国几乎已经成为和传统抱怨天气一样普遍的谈资。

Meanwhile, there are complaints that the poor service at London's major airports is discouraging foreigners from doing business in Britain.

与此同时，有人抱怨伦敦主要机场的糟糕服务正在阻止外国人在英国开展业务。

Much of the criticism is directed at the British Airport Authority, which runs seven major airports, including the three main ones serving London.

大部分批评都指向英国机场管理局，该机构运营七个主要机场，包括服务伦敦的三个主要机场。

The Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airport Authority needs to sell off some of its assets.

竞争委员会现在将调查英国机场管理局是否需要出售部分资产。

The idea is the competition between rival operators would lead to better service at airports.

其想法是，竞争对手之间的竞争将带来机场服务的改善。

The British Airport Authority, recently bought by a Spanish company, says the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure, but a lack of runway and terminal capacity, which is addressing through a program of heavy investment.

最近被一家西班牙公司收购的英国机场管理局表示，问题的根本原因不是所有权结构，而是跑道和航站楼容量的不足，该问题正在通过一项重大投资计划加以解决。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题 3 和 4 基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What is the Competition Commission going to investigate?

问题 3。竞争委员会将调查什么？

Question 4. What is the root cause of the poor service at British airports, according to the British Airport Authority?

问题 4。根据英国机场管理局，英国机场糟糕服务的根本原因是什么？

News Report 3.

新闻报道 3。

Under the law in Massachusetts, tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results.

根据马萨诸塞州的法律，烟草公司必须测量每种香烟的尼古丁含量并报告结果。

The Department of Public Health in Boston gathers and carefully examines the figures and then draws its conclusions.

波士顿公共卫生部收集并仔细审查数据，然后得出结论。

116 brands were looked at for the study.

研究中考察了116个品牌。

92 were found to have higher nicotine yields than they did 6 years previously.

发现92个品牌的尼古丁释放量高于6年前。

The biggest increases tend to be in brands that were popular with young smokers.

最大的增长往往出现在受年轻吸烟者欢迎的品牌中。

That worries the department because of the addicted nature of nicotine.

这令该部门担忧，因为尼古丁具有成瘾性。

Stendhal Glanz, a professor of medicine in San Francisco, explains why.

旧金山医学教授Stendhal Glanz解释了原因。

The amount of nicotine that is delivered in every cigarette is 10% higher than it was 6 years ago, which means that it is easier to get hooked and hard to quit.

每支香烟释放的尼古丁量比6年前高10%，这意味着更容易上瘾且难以戒除。

The big tobacco companies have always insisted that they are frank with their customers about the dangers of smoking and provide them with enough detail to make informed decisions.

大型烟草公司一直坚称，他们向客户坦诚吸烟的危害，并提供足够的细节以做出明智决定。

However, none of them were prepared to comment on this study or discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.

然而，没有一家公司准备对这项研究发表评论或讨论其产品的详细尼古丁含量。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5到7基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What do tobacco companies have to do under the law in Massachusetts?

问题5. 根据马萨诸塞州的法律，烟草公司必须做什么？

Question 6. What do we learn from the study by the Department of Public Health in Boston?

问题6. 从波士顿公共卫生部的研究中我们了解到什么？

Question 7. What do we learn from the news report about the big tobacco companies?

问题7. 从新闻报道中我们了解到关于大型烟草公司的什么信息？

Conversation 1.

对话1。

M: And you know one thing that I want to ask you.

你知道，我想问你一件事。

M: It is greatly you have happy experiences of teaching in Indonesia and following up on what you have just mentioned.

你在印度尼西亚有快乐的教学经历，并且继续你刚才提到的内容，这真是太好了。

M: What would you recommend for students who do not live in English-speaking countries and, you know, they want to learn?

对于不住在英语国家但想要学习英语的学生，你会推荐什么？

M: I don't know about perfecting, but they want at least to be able to communicate decently.

我不确定能否达到完美，但他们至少希望能够得体地交流。

M: How can they go about this?

他们该如何做到这一点？

F: Yeah, it's really hard.

是的，这确实很难。

F: That's the real struggle because right now I do live in Holland, but I really don't socialize much with Dutch people.

这才是真正的挑战，因为现在我确实住在荷兰，但我真的很少与荷兰人社交。

F: And my boyfriend's English is so good that we just basically speak English all the time.

而且我男朋友的英语非常好，所以我们基本上一直都说英语。

F: So I have to make a real effort to practice.

所以我必须真正努力去练习。

F: There is as much listening exposure as I want.

听力材料对我来说应有尽有。

F: All I have to do is turning on the TV.

我只需要打开电视。

M: And reading also, right?

阅读也是，对吧？

F: Yeah, reading.

是的，阅读。

F: There is plenty I can get to read and listen to.

我可以读和听的材料有很多。

F: But for speaking, there really is no substitute for trying to speak and use the language in a relaxed atmosphere.

但对于口语，真正没有替代品的就是在轻松的氛围中尝试说和使用这门语言。

F: So, I think that's really the challenge for people who live in a country where their target language isn't spoken.

所以，我认为这对于生活在目标语言不被使用的国家的人来说确实是挑战。

F: And for that, gosh, what would I do?

对此，天啊，我会怎么做？

F: If I didn't have people here, probably, try to find a club?

如果我没有这里的人，可能会尝试找一个俱乐部？

F: In Sweden, they have a really cool system called study circles.

在瑞典，他们有一个很酷的系统叫做学习圈。

F: Well, it's not.

嗯，它不是。

F: It's like a course, but really you just have a course leader who is there sort of as a coaching guide and to help out.

它像一门课程，但实际上你只有一个课程领导，他在那里充当教练指导并提供帮助。

F: And you don't get grades.

而且你不获得成绩。

F: And you go just because you want to learn.

你去仅仅是因为你想学习。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题8至11基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 8. Where does the woman live right now?

问题8. 女士现在住在哪里？

Question 9. What does the woman say is the real challenge?

问题9. 女士说真正的挑战是什么？

Question 10. What does the woman suggest doing to learn to speak a foreign language?

问题10. 女士建议如何学习说一门外语？

Question 11. What does the woman say about the study circles in Sweden?

问题11. 女士对瑞典的学习圈说了什么？

Conversation 2.

对话2。

F: Okay, Nathan, so we're talking about driving.

好的，Nathan，所以我们正在讨论驾驶。

F: And are there any rules or regulations that you'd like to change?

那么，你有什么想要改变的规则或法规吗？

M: I'm not sure I want to change rules, but I'd like the police to be strict on the rules.

我不确定我想改变规则，但我希望警察能严格执行规则。

M: Like, if people jump the traffic lights, I don't know why there isn't a camera on the traffic lights to stop people doing that.

比如，如果有人闯红灯，我不知道为什么交通灯上不安装摄像头来阻止这种行为。

M: Or like speeding.

或者比如超速。

M: It is very easy to put speed cameras in some places.

在某些地方安装测速摄像头非常容易。

F: Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibility in limiting the power of their engines.

也许汽车制造商应该对限制发动机功率负有一定责任。

F: What's the point in producing the engines that is big and powerful enough to go, like, 200 kilometers per hour when the speed limit is only 100?

生产强大到能跑200公里每小时的发动机有什么意义，而限速只有100公里每小时？

M: Right, but do you know there are no speed limits in Germany?

对，但你知道德国没有限速吗？

M: People there do drive responsibly, though.

不过，那里的人们确实驾驶得很负责任。

F: Often, people break laws simply because the laws are there.

很多时候，人们违反法律仅仅是因为法律存在。

F: If the law isn't there, people will drive within their ability range.

如果没有法律，人们会在自己的能力范围内驾驶。

F: When you've got speed limits, this creates situations that actually present dangers on the road.

当你有限速时，这反而会创造一些实际上在道路上造成危险的情况。

M: Do you think Germans have better education about personal responsibility when driving?

你认为德国人在驾驶时有更好地关于个人责任的教育吗？

F: Possibly.

可能吧。

F: They also have very good cars.

他们也有非常好的汽车。

M: Right.

对。

F: If you've got a good car that can go at a high speed, then it's really nice to do that.

如果你有一辆能高速行驶的好车，那么开快车确实很不错。

F: So, I think it's the restrictions that create the danger sometimes.

所以，我认为有时候是限制造成了危险。

M: Obviously, when driving through residential areas or where there is a school, you've got to have speed policemen.

显然，当通过居民区或学校附近时，必须有测速警察。

F: Speed bumps.

减速带。

M: Yes, speed bumps, those speed bumps that force you to slow down.

是的，减速带，那些迫使你减速的减速带。

M: I think that's a good idea.

我认为那是个好主意。

M: So, you don't think fining people is useful?

那么，你不认为罚款有用吗？

F: Not really, because the police don't have time to police every single driver.

不太有用，因为警察没有时间去监管每一位司机。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题12至15基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 12. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

问题12. 说话者主要讨论什么？

Question 13. What does the woman think car manufacturers could do?

问题13. 女士认为汽车制造商可以做什么？

Question 14. What can we learn about people driving in Germany?

问题14. 关于德国人驾驶，我们能了解到什么？

Question 15. What does the woman think of the police fining drivers?

问题15. 女士对警察罚款司机有什么看法？

Passage 1.

段落1。

Behind the cards register at a store in downtown San Francisco, Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for a pack of cigarettes.

在旧金山市中心一家商店的收银台后，萨姆·阿扎尔刷信用卡支付一包香烟。

The store's card reader failed to scan the card's man-made stripe.

商店的读卡器未能扫描卡的人造磁条。

Azar tried again and again.

阿扎尔一次又一次地尝试。

No luck.

没有成功。

As customers began to queue, Mr.

随着顾客开始排队，先生。

Azar reached beneath the counter for a black plastic bag.

阿扎尔在柜台下方伸手拿了一个黑色塑料袋。

He wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card and tried again.

他将一层塑料包在卡上，再次尝试。

Success!

成功！

The sale was completed.

交易完成。

I don't know how it works.

我不知道它是怎么工作的。

It just does, said Mr.

它就是有效，先生说。

Azar, who learned the trick from another clerk.

阿扎尔从另一位店员那里学到了这个窍门。

Therefore, the company that makes the store's card reader would not confirm or deny that plastic bag trick worked.

因此，制造商店读卡器的公司不会确认或否认塑料袋窍门有效。

But it's one of many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures that people without engineering degrees have discovered often out of desperation and shared.

但这是许多高科技故障的低技术修复方法之一，这些方法往往是没有工程学位的人出于绝望而发现并分享的。

Today's shaky economy is likely to produce many more such tricks.

当今动荡的经济可能会产生更多这样的窍门。

In post-war Japan, the economy wasn't doing so great, so you couldn't get everyday-use items like household cleaners, said Lisa Kayam, author of Yowaza, a book named after the Japanese term for clever lifestyle tips and tricks.

在战后的日本，经济状况不佳，所以你无法获得像家用清洁剂这样的日常用品，Lisa Kayam说，她是《Yowaza》一书的作者，该书以日语中表示聪明生活窍门和技巧的术语命名。

So people look for ways to do with what they had.

所以人们寻找方法用手头的东西做事。

Today, Americans are finding their own tips and tricks for fixing malfunctioning devices with supplies as simple as paper and glue.

如今，美国人正在发现自己的窍门和技巧，用纸和胶水等简单材料修理故障设备。

Some, like Mr.

一些，像先生。

Azar's plastic bag, are open to arguments as to how they work or whether they really work at all.

阿扎尔的塑料袋，对于它们如何工作或是否真的有效存在争议。

But many tech home remedies can be explained by a little science.

但许多技术的家庭疗法可以用一点科学来解释。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 16. What happened when Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for his purchase?

问题16. 当萨姆·阿扎尔刷信用卡支付购买时发生了什么？

Question 17. How did Sam Azar manage to complete his sale?

问题17. 萨姆·阿扎尔如何设法完成他的销售？

Question 18. What is today's shaky economy likely to do?

问题18. 当今动荡的经济可能会做什么？

Passage 2.

篇章二。

If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your advisor for many things, including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, forming and examining committee, and getting letters of recommendation.

如果你是一名研究生，你可能在许多方面依赖你的导师，包括帮助提高成绩、获得经济支持、组建与审查委员会以及获得推荐信。

If you are a graduate teaching assistant, your advisor also may be your boss.

如果你是一名研究生助教，你的导师也可能成为你的上司。

Academic departments vary in that procedures for assigning academic advisors to graduate students.

各学术院系在为研究生分配学术导师的程序上有所不同。

In some departments, either the chairman or the director of graduate studies serves for at least the first semester as a new student advisor.

在一些院系中，系主任或研究生学习主任会作为新生顾问至少服务一个学期。

Then, the students select an advisor based on shared academic interests.

然后，学生基于共同的学术兴趣选择导师。

In other departments, a new student is assigned a faculty advisor based on some systems of distribution of departments' advising load.

在其他院系，新生会根据院系指导工作量的某种分配系统被分配给一名教师顾问。

Later, students may have the opportunity of selecting advisors that they prefer.

之后，学生可能有机会选择他们更偏好的导师。

In any case, new graduate students can learn who their advisors or temporary advisors are by visiting or emailing the departmental office and asking for the information.

无论如何，新研究生可以通过访问或发送电子邮件至院系办公室并询问信息，来了解谁是他们的导师或临时导师。

Graduation requirements specify the number of credits you must earn, the minimum grade point average you must achieve, and the distribution of credits you must have for among differing departments or fields of study.

毕业要求明确规定了你必须获得的学分数量、必须达到的最低平均绩点，以及你必须在不同学习领域或院系间获得的学分分布。

In addition, it is necessary to apply for graduation when you near the time that you will be completing your graduation requirements.

此外，当你接近即将完成毕业要求的时间时，有必要申请毕业。

Since graduation requirements vary among divisions of the university, you should consult the Bulletin of Information.

由于大学各学院（部）的毕业要求不同，你应该查阅《信息公报》。

You should also direct your questions to your departmental office or academic advisor.

你还应将问题提交给你的院系办公室或学术导师。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

第19至21题基于你刚刚听到的篇章。

Question 19. What does the speaker say about procedures for assigning academic advisors?

问题19：讲话者关于分配学术导师的程序说了什么？

Question 20. How can new graduate students learn who their advisors are?

问题20：新研究生如何能知道他们的导师是谁？

Question 21. What does the speaker say about graduation requirements?

问题21：讲话者关于毕业要求说了什么？

Passage 3.

第三段。

Jody Hebert is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in middle and high schools.

乔迪·赫伯特是一位饮食与营养专家，她周游全州，在中学和高中发表演讲。

She primarily speaks to students in health classes, but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls.

她主要在健康课上向学生演讲，但有时学校会安排她向不同的女生群体演讲。

Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways that this affects girls today.

她最大的担忧是美国文化对苗条的强调，以及这如何以负面方式影响今天的女孩。

Jody has a Ph.

乔迪拥有一个Ph。

D.

D。

in nutrition, but more important, she has personal experience.

在营养学方面，但更重要的是，她有个人经验。

Her mother told her to diet when she was only 8 years old.

她母亲在她只有8岁时就告诉她要节食。

Jody has created several different presentations which she gives to different types of audiences and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately.

乔迪创建了几种不同的演示文稿，她向不同类型的观众展示，并试图与学生建立情感联系，以便他们能够自在地提问或私下与她交谈。

She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and beautiful than they are in real life.

她向他们展示流行文化中美女的图片和图像，并解释如何使用计算机让这些女性看起来比现实中更苗条、更美丽。

She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture.

她描述了美的定义如何随时间变化，甚至因文化而异。

She then talks about health issues and the physical damages that can occur as a result of dieting.

然后，她谈论健康问题以及节食可能导致的身体损害。

Finally, she addresses self-respect and the notion that a person's sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs.

最后，她谈到自尊以及一个人对美的感知必须超越体重多少的观念。

Sometimes, Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting.

有时，乔迪觉得她成功说服了一些学生停止节食。

Other times, she feels that she fails.

其他时候，她觉得自己失败了。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题22至25基于你刚才听到的短文。

Question 22. Who did Jody Hebert primarily speak to?

问题22。乔迪·赫伯特主要向谁演讲？

Question 23. What is Jody Hebert's biggest concern about American culture?

问题23。乔迪·赫伯特对美国文化最大的担忧是什么？

Question 24. Why does Jody Hebert show pictures of beautiful women to her audiences?

问题24。为什么乔迪·赫伯特向她的观众展示美女图片？

Question 25. What is Jody Hebert's main purpose in giving her speeches? This is the end of the listening comprehension.

问题25。乔迪·赫伯特发表演讲的主要目的是什么？这是听力理解的结束。