2025年12月四级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

Katharine Abraham, an economics professor, was chatting with her hairdresser (理发师) about retirement plans. The economist said she plans to continue working because she wants to. The hairdresser agreed but for a different reason: She needs the money.

凯瑟琳·亚伯拉罕是一位经济学教授，她正与她的理发师（理发师）聊退休计划。这位经济学家表示她计划继续工作是因为她想继续。理发师也同意，但原因不同：她需要钱。

Both scenarios (情况) are contributing to a big increase in the number of people in the US working into their 70s. Over the past 20 years, the share of Americans working in their 70s has risen from less than 10% to nearly 15%.

这两种情景（情况）共同促成了美国70多岁仍工作人数的显著增加。过去20年间，美国70多岁仍在工作的人口比例从不足10%上升至近15%。

In addition to people being healthier and living much longer, economists say that a combination of financial considerations such as years of slow rise in real wages and a shift away from traditional pensions in the private sector are some of the reasons people delay retirement. The decline of manufacturing and the increase in the number of people working in less labor-intensive occupations also has contributed to the trend, says Abraham, who researches work and retirement decisions of older Americans.

除了人们更健康、寿命更长外，经济学家指出，诸如实际工资多年缓慢增长以及私营部门传统养老金减少等财务因素的组合，是人们推迟退休的原因。亚伯拉罕表示，制造业的衰退和从事劳动密集度较低职业的人数增加也推动了这一趋势，他研究美国老年人的工作与退休决策。

"Which matters more depends on what your history up until that point has been in the type of work you're doing," Abraham says.

‘哪个更重要取决于你此前在所从事工作类型中的经历，’亚伯拉罕说道。

The overall trend is hitting Americans of all different levels of educational attainment, although the percentages vary by category. The share of Americans with bachelor's degrees who were working into their 70s reached nearly 20% in 2018. For those with a high school degree or less, the proportion of those working in their 70s had risen to around 10%, while those with some college education were in the middle at around 15%.

这一总体趋势波及了各种教育水平的美国人，尽管比例因类别不同而有差异。2018年，拥有学士学位的美国人在70多岁仍工作的比例接近20%。对于高中或以下学历者，70多岁仍工作的比例升至约10%，而有大学教育经历者居中，约15%。

Martin Neil Baily, an economist who is leading a research project on retirement security, notes that quitting a career can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness, particularly for men. He suggests that many college-educated workers are choosing to stay in the labor force more for social benefits than for financial reasons. They're also more likely to be in professional occupations where they tend to enjoy their work more.

马丁·尼尔·贝利是一位领导退休安全研究项目的经济学家，他指出，退休可能引发孤立和孤独感，尤其对男性而言。他认为，许多受过大学教育的工人选择留在职场更多是出于社交益处而非经济原因。他们也更可能从事专业工作，并往往更享受自己的职业。

Workers in more physical jobs, meanwhile, may be more likely to look forward to retiring, Baily says, suggesting those who stay on are more likely doing so for financial reasons.

贝利表示，从事更体力劳动的工人可能更期待退休，暗示那些继续工作的人更可能是出于经济考虑。