2018年06月六级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.

摄影曾经是一项昂贵、费力的磨难，专为人生最重要的里程碑而设。如今，拍摄像一顿饭这样普通事物的无限照片，唯一明显的代价是硬盘空间和用餐同伴的耐心。

But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it's bad for you, and we're not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.

但是，记录生活体验而不是单纯享受它，是否有另一种代价，更深层次的代价呢？“你听说不应该拍这么多照片，打断体验，这对你不好，我们没有活在当下，”南加州大学马歇尔商学院营销学副教授克里斯汀·迪尔说。

Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less.

迪尔和她的同事们想知道这是否属实，因此他们进行了一系列九项实验，在实验室和实地测试人们在有或没有相机的情况下享受程度。结果发表在《人格与社会心理学杂志》上，令他们惊讶。拍照实际上让人们更享受他们所做的事情，而不是减少。

"What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."

“我们发现，你实际上以略微不同的方式看待世界，因为你在寻找你想捕捉的东西，那些你可能想留住的东西，”迪尔解释道。“这使人们更投入于体验，他们往往更享受它。”

Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.

以观光为例。在一项实验中，近200名参与者登上双层巴士游览费城。两次巴士游览都禁止使用手机，但一次提供了数码相机并鼓励人们拍照。拍照的人比不拍的人明显更享受这次体验，并表示他们更投入。

Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological (考古的) museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.

拍一张照片会引导注意力，从而增强你从所看事物中获得的快乐，迪尔说。这甚至适用于像考古博物馆这样无聊的事情，在那里人们被给予眼动追踪眼镜，并被指示是否拍照。“人们会更长时间地看他们想拍照的东西，”迪尔说。他们也报告更喜欢这些展品。

To the relief of Instagrammers (Instagram 用户) everywhere, it can even make meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.

让各地的Instagram用户欣慰的是，它甚至可以使用餐更愉快。当人们被鼓励在吃午餐时至少拍三张照片时，他们比没有被要求拍照的人更沉浸在用餐中。

Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."

是相机那令人满意的咔哒声吗？还是拍快照的物理动作？不，他们发现；仅仅是计划拍照的动作——而不实际拍照——就有同样的提升快乐的效果。“如果你想拍心理照片，效果也是一样的，”迪尔说。“思考你想拍什么也能让你更投入。