2019年12月六级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

Last year, a child was born at a hospital in the UK with her heart outside her body. Few babies survive this rare condition, and those who do must endure numerous operations and are likely to have complex needs. When her mother was interviewed, three weeks after her daughter's birth, she was asked if she was prepared for what might be a daunting (令人生畏的) task caring for her. She answered without hesitation that, as far as she was concerned, this would be a "privilege".

去年，一名儿童在英国一家医院出生，其心脏位于体外。很少有婴儿能在这种罕见状况下存活，而那些存活下来的必须经历多次手术，并可能面临复杂的需求。在她女儿出生三周后，母亲接受采访时被问及是否准备好承担照顾女儿这一可能令人生畏的任务。她毫不犹豫地回答说，在她看来，这将是一种“特权”。

Rarely has there been a better example of the power of attitude, one of our most powerful psychological tools. Our attitudes allow us to turn mistakes into opportunities, and loss into the chance for new beginnings. An attitude is a settled way of thinking, feeling and/ or behaving towards particular objects, people, events or ideologies. We use our attitudes to filter, interpret and react to the world around us. You weren't born with attitudes; rather they are all learned, and this happens in a number of ways.

很少有比这更好的例子来展示态度的力量，态度是我们最强大的心理工具之一。我们的态度让我们能够将错误转化为机会，将损失转化为新开始的机会。态度是一种对特定对象、人、事件或意识形态的固定的思维、感觉和/或行为方式。我们用态度来过滤、解释和回应周围的世界。你并非天生就有态度；相反，它们都是通过学习获得的，并且以多种方式发生。

The most powerful influences occur during early childhood and include both what happened to you directly, and what those around you did and said in your presence. As you acquire a distinctive identity your attitudes are further refined by the behavior of those with whom you identify—your family, those of your gender and culture, and the people you admire, even though you may not know them personally. Friendships and other important relationships become increasingly important, particularly during adolescence. About that same time and throughout adulthood, the information you receive, especially when ideas are repeated in association with goals and achievements you find attractive, also refines your attitudes.

最强大的影响发生在童年早期，包括直接发生在你身上的事情，以及你周围人在你面前的言行。随着你获得独特的身份，你的态度会进一步被你认同的人的行为所塑造——你的家人、与你性别和文化相同的人，以及你钦佩的人，即使你可能并不认识他们本人。友谊和其他重要关系变得越来越重要，尤其是在青春期。大约在同一时期及整个成年期，你接收的信息，特别是当想法与你认为有吸引力的目标和成就重复结合时，也会塑造你的态度。

Many people assume that our attitudes are internally consistent, that is, the way you think and feel about someone or something predicts your behavior towards them. However, many studies have found that feelings and thoughts don't necessarily predict behavior. In general, your attitudes will be internally consistent only when the behavior is easy, and when those around you hold similar beliefs. That's why, for example, many say they believe in the benefits of recycling or exercise, but don't behave in line with their views, because it takes awareness, effort and courage to go beyond merely stating that you believe something is a good idea.

许多人假设我们的态度是内在一致的，也就是说，你对某人或某事的想法和感觉预测了你对他们的行为。然而，许多研究发现，感觉和想法并不一定预测行为。一般来说，只有当行为容易实施，并且周围的人持有相似信念时，你的态度才会内在一致。这就是为什么，例如，许多人说他们相信回收或锻炼的好处，但行为却不符合他们的观点，因为要超越仅仅声称相信某事是好主意，需要意识、努力和勇气。

One of the most effective ways to change an attitude is to start behaving as if you already feel and think the way you'd prefer to. Take some time to reflect on your attitudes, to think about what you believe and why. Is there anything you consider a burden rather than a privilege? If so, start behaving-right now-as if the latter is the case.

改变态度最有效的方法之一是开始表现得好像你已经拥有你想要的感觉和想法。花些时间反思你的态度，思考你相信什么以及为什么。有什么事情你认为是负担而不是特权吗？如果是这样，现在就开始表现得好像是后者。