2020年07月六级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

People often discuss the dangers of too much stress, but lately a very different view of stress is gaining popularity: this view of stress, held by members of the positive stress movement, argues that stress might actually be beneficial. The positive stress movement is made up of people such as Zachary Rapp who are looking for an edge in a competitive world, and Rapp's routine is a good example of followers of the movement. He wakes up most mornings at dawn, goes for a run, sips black coffee while ripping through emails, and then steps into a freezing cold shower. This is a routine designed to reduce the stress of running simultaneously three different health and biotechnology companies for 18 hours a day.

人们常常讨论压力过大的危险，但最近一种截然不同的压力观点正日益流行：这种观点由积极压力运动的成员持有，认为压力实际上可能有益。积极压力运动由像扎卡里·拉普这样的人组成，他们在竞争激烈的世界中寻求优势，拉普的日常是该运动追随者的一个好例子。他大多数清晨在黎明时分醒来，去跑步，一边快速处理电子邮件一边啜饮黑咖啡，然后步入冰冷的淋浴。这是一个旨在减少同时经营三家不同健康和生物技术公司、每天工作18小时所带来压力的日常。

Although Rapp's practices may sound extreme, he is part of a growing movement, consisting largely of tech industry workers who claim that such radical tactics will help them live better and longer. Inspired by influential figures in different fields, including entertainers, athletes, entrepreneurs and scientists, positive stress practitioners seek out some combination of extreme temperatures, restrictive diets, punishing exercise routines and general discomfort.

尽管拉普的做法可能听起来很极端，但他是一个日益壮大的运动的一部分，该运动主要由科技行业工作者组成，他们声称这种激进策略将帮助他们生活得更好、更长久。受到不同领域有影响力人物的启发，包括娱乐明星、运动员、企业家和科学家，积极压力实践者寻求极端温度、限制性饮食、惩罚性锻炼日常和普遍不适的某种组合。

Rapp argues that positive stress keeps him balanced. In addition to running and freezing showers, Rapp uses ice baths, hot yoga, and unconventional eating practices such as eliminating dairy, sugar, alcohol and various other foods high in carbohydrates. He believes that these practices, which put stress on his body, actually make him feel less stress from work. However, Rapp does not credit anyone in particular for his choices: he said he started using these methods in college where he got into the habit of taking ice baths to recover from sports. He got back into it while trying to get his three companies off the ground.

拉普认为积极压力让他保持平衡。除了跑步和冷水浴，拉普还使用冰浴、热瑜伽和非常规饮食习惯，如戒除乳制品、糖、酒精和其他高碳水化合物食物。他相信这些给身体带来压力的做法，实际上让他感觉工作压力更小。然而，拉普并不将他的选择归功于任何人：他说他在大学时开始使用这些方法，当时他养成了冰浴以恢复运动的习惯。他在努力让他的三家公司起步时重新开始了这些做法。

Rapp works long hours and sleeps only five to seven hours a night but he said he only gets sick once a year. For him, the difference between day-to-day stress, like the kind we feel when moving apartments, and positive stress is that the latter involves pushing the body to extremes and forcing it to build up a tolerance.

拉普工作时间长，每晚只睡五到七小时，但他说他每年只生病一次。对他来说，日常压力（比如我们搬家时感受到的那种）和积极压力的区别在于，后者涉及将身体推向极限并迫使其建立耐受性。

One thought leader in the positive stress world is Dutch extreme athlete Wim Hof, who earned the name "ice man" for his ability to withstand severe cold using deep breathing exercises. Hof's ideas have become popular among tech industry elites and, thanks to Hof, cold showers are now a trend; indeed, some even call it a form of therapy.

积极压力领域的一位思想领袖是荷兰极限运动员威姆·霍夫，他因使用深呼吸练习抵御严寒而获得“冰人”的称号。霍夫的想法在科技行业精英中流行起来，多亏了霍夫，冷水淋浴现在成为一种趋势；实际上，有些人甚至称其为一种疗法。

But it is important to note that not everyone agrees with these practitioners; indeed, some medical professionals argue that positive stress is not for everyone, and that it might even be dangerous for people who are unhealthy or older.

但重要的是要注意，并非所有人都同意这些实践者；实际上，一些医疗专业人士认为积极压力并不适合所有人，而且对不健康或年长者来说甚至可能危险。