2021年06月六级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

We often think of drawing as something that takes inborn talent, but this kind of thinking stems from our misclassification of drawing as, primarily, an art form rather than a tool for learning.

我们常认为绘画需要与生俱来的天赋，但这种想法源于我们将绘画主要归类为一种艺术形式，而非学习工具。

Researchers, teachers, and artists are starting to see how drawing can positively impact a wide variety of skills and disciplines.

研究人员、教师和艺术家正逐渐认识到绘画如何能积极影响各种技能和学科领域。

Most of us have spent some time drawing before, but at some point, most of us stop drawing. There are people who don't, obviously, and thank god for that: a world without designers and artists would be a very shabby one indeed.

我们大多数人过去都曾花时间画画，但在某个阶段，大多数人都停止了绘画。显然也有坚持下来的人，感谢上帝：一个没有设计师和艺术家的世界将非常黯淡。

Some argue that so many adults have abandoned drawing because we've miscategorized it and given it a very narrow definition. In his book, Stick Figures: Drawing as a Human Practice, Professor D. B. Dowd argues that we have misfiled the significance of drawing because we see it as a professional skill instead of a personal capacity. We mistakenly think of "good" drawings as those which work as recreations of the real world, as realistic illusions. Rather, drawing should be recategorized as a symbolic tool.

有人认为，如此多的成年人放弃绘画是因为我们错误地将其分类，并赋予了它过于狭窄的定义。D. B. Dowd教授在《简笔画：作为人类实践的绘画》一书中指出，我们误解了绘画的重要性，因为我们将其视为专业技能而非个人能力。我们错误地认为“好”的画作是对现实世界的复刻，是逼真的幻象。实际上，绘画应被重新归类为一种象征性工具。

Human beings have been drawing for 73,000 years. It's part of what it means to be human. We don't have the strength of chimpanzees (大猩猩) because we've given up animal strength to manipulate subtle instruments, like hammers, spears, and-later-pens and pencils. The human hand is an extremely dense network of nerve endings. In many ways, human beings are built to draw.

人类绘画已有73,000年历史。这是人类本质的一部分。我们没有大猩猩的力量，因为我们放弃了动物性的强壮，转而操纵精细的工具，如锤子、长矛，以及后来的钢笔和铅笔。人手是一个极其密集的神经末梢网络。在许多方面，人类生来就适合绘画。

Some researchers argue that doodling (涂画) activates the brain's so-called default circuit-essentially, the areas of the brain responsible for maintaining a baseline level of activity in the absence of other stimuli. Because of this, some believe that doodling during a boring lecture can help students pay attention. In one study, participants were asked to listen to a list of names while either doodling or sitting still. Those who doodled remembered 29 percent more of the names than those who did not.

一些研究人员认为，涂画会激活大脑所谓的默认神经回路——本质上是在没有其他刺激时负责维持大脑基线活动水平的区域。因此，有些人认为在枯燥的讲座中涂画可以帮助学生集中注意力。在一项研究中，参与者被要求一边听一系列名字，要么涂画要么静坐。涂画者比静坐者多记住了29%的名字。

There's also evidence that drawing talent is based on how accurately someone perceives the world. The human visual system tends to misjudge size, shape, color, and angles but artists perceive these qualities more accurately than non-artists. Cultivating drawing talent can become an essential tool to improve people's observational skills in fields where the visual is important.

还有证据表明，绘画天赋基于一个人对世界感知的准确性。人类的视觉系统容易对大小、形状、颜色和角度产生误判，但艺术家比非艺术家能更准确地感知这些特性。培养绘画天赋可以成为在视觉重要领域提升人们观察技能的关键工具。

Rather than think of drawing as a talent that some creative people are gifted in, we should consider it as a tool for seeing and understanding the world better -- one that just so happens to double as an art form. Both absent-minded doodling and copying from life have been shown to positively affect your memory and visual perception, so complain loudly the next time your school board slashes the art department's budget.

与其将绘画视为某些创意人才与生俱来的天赋，不如将其看作一种更好地观察和理解世界的工具——它恰好兼具艺术形式的功能。无论是心不在焉的涂画还是对景写生，都被证明能积极影响记忆和视觉感知，所以下次学校董事会削减美术部门的预算时，请大声抗议。