2022年06月六级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

Selective colleges and universities in the U.S. are under fire for being too elite and too expensive, and for not training graduates for the world of work. Such charges ignore the fact that these institutions continue to prepare students for success in their work, for thoughtful engagement in civic life, for lifelong learning, and for understanding the world and those with whom they live.

美国的选择性大学和学院因过于精英化、学费过高，以及未能培养毕业生适应职场而受到批评。这些指控忽视了一个事实，即这些机构继续为学生准备成功的职业生涯、深思熟虑地参与公民生活、终身学习以及理解世界和他们共同生活的人。

These colleges and universities must be doing something right. Applications are at record highs, and their financial aid programs make them more accessible than ever. This model of education has long played a central role in creating opportunity, driving economic growth, and spurring innovation.

这些大学和学院一定做对了什么。申请人数创历史新高，他们的财政援助项目使其比以往任何时候都更容易进入。这种教育模式长期以来在创造机会、推动经济增长和激发创新方面发挥着核心作用。

Yet, there is growing skepticism about the value of this model. The recent tax reform bill is a wake-up call that our strongest colleges and universities are under assault by some in government. The initial proposals would have made education unaffordable for many by taxing tuition waivers for graduate students and ending deductions for student loan interest. Thankfully, these provisions were ultimately stripped from the bill, but lawmakers let stand a new tax on the investment income of some colleges and universities.

然而，对这种模式的价值的怀疑日益增长。最近的税制改革法案是一个警示，表明我们最强的大学和学院正受到政府中一些人的攻击。最初的提案将通过向研究生的学费减免征税和终止学生贷款利息扣除，使许多人无法负担教育。幸好，这些条款最终从法案中删除，但立法者保留了对某些大学和学院投资收入的新税。

While these attacks are motivated by misguided ideas, we need to do a better job of explaining why these claims are false and why what we do is valuable. We cannot take for granted that any of this is obvious.

虽然这些攻击源于错误的观念，但我们需要更好地解释为什么这些说法是错误的，以及为什么我们所做的事情是有价值的。我们不能想当然地认为这一切都是显而易见的。

It is often said that elite colleges and universities do not train students, particularly those who study the liberal arts, for the workforce. But this can be refuted by scholarly research. The data are clear: a liberal arts education is great career preparation, both for excellent lifetime earnings and for satisfaction with the work. This education develops the skills of critical thinking, rigorous analysis of data and facts, communication with the written and spoken word, understanding of cultural differences and issues, and the ability to keep learning. In fact, liberal arts graduates do extremely well in every imaginable field.

人们常说精英大学和学院不培训学生，尤其是那些学习文科的学生，为进入职场做准备。但学术研究可以反驳这一点。数据很明确：文科教育是极好的职业准备，既能带来出色的终身收入，也能带来对工作的满意度。这种教育培养了批判性思维、对数据和事实的严谨分析、书面和口头交流、理解文化差异和问题的能力，以及持续学习的能力。事实上，文科毕业生在每一个可想象的领域都表现出色。

Access to an education at selective colleges and universities is now more available than ever to low-and middle-income families. We have built endowments from donations by alumni (校友) and parents who understand and appreciate our mission to provide access and opportunity, and a significant portion of the returns from these endowments is used to fund financial aid.

低收入和中等收入家庭现在比以往任何时候都更容易进入选择性大学和学院接受教育。我们通过校友（校友）和家长的捐赠建立了捐赠基金，他们理解并赞赏我们提供机会和准入的使命，这些捐赠基金收益的很大一部分用于资助财政援助。

Ironically, the new tax on endowments drains financial aid funds from the very schools most able to offer opportunity to those who have earned a spot but cannot otherwise afford this education. Beyond the virtue of access to those who have earned a place at these schools, the diversity of economic backgrounds enhances the education and experience of all of our students.

讽刺的是，新的捐赠基金税从那些最能提供机会给那些赢得名额但无法负担教育的学生的学校中抽走了财政援助资金。除了为那些赢得学校名额的人提供机会的优点外，经济背景的多样性也提升了我们所有学生的教育和经验。