2023年03月六级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

The suggestion that people should aim for dietary diversity by trying to eat a variety of foods has been a basic public health recommendation for decades in the United States and elsewhere. Now, however, experts are warning that aiming for a diverse diet may actually lead to just eating more calories, and, thus, to obesity. One issue is that people may not interpret "variety" the way nutritionists intend. This problem is highlighted by new research conducted by the American Heart Association. Researchers reviewed all the evidence published related to dietary diversity and saw a correlation between dietary diversity and a greater intake of both healthy and unhealthy foods. This had implications for obesity, as researchers found a greater prevalence of obesity amongst people with a greater dietary diversity.

几十年来，在美国及其他地方，人们应该通过尝试吃多种食物来追求饮食多样性的建议一直是一项基本的公共卫生建议。然而，现在专家们警告说，追求多样化饮食实际上可能导致摄入更多卡路里，从而导致肥胖。一个问题是，人们可能没有按照营养学家的意图来理解“多样性”。美国心脏协会进行的新研究突出了这个问题。研究人员回顾了所有与饮食多样性相关的已发表证据，发现饮食多样性与更多健康和不健康食物的摄入之间存在相关性。这对肥胖有影响，因为研究人员发现，在饮食多样性更高的人群中，肥胖的患病率更高。

One author of the new study explained that their findings contradict standard dietary advice, as most dietary guidelines around the world include a statement of eating a variety of foods. But this advice does not seem to be supported by science, possibly because there is little agreement about the meaning of "dietary diversity, which is not clearly and consistently defined. Some experts measure dietary diversity by counting the number of food groups eaten, while others look at the distribution of calories across individual foods, and still others measure how different the foods eaten are from each other.

新研究的一位作者解释说，他们的发现与标准饮食建议相矛盾，因为世界各地的大多数饮食指南都包含吃多种食物的建议。但这一建议似乎没有得到科学支持，可能是因为对“饮食多样性”的含义几乎没有共识，而“饮食多样性”并未被清晰和一致地定义。一些专家通过计算摄入的食物组数量来衡量饮食多样性，而另一些专家则关注个人食物中卡路里的分布，还有一些专家衡量所吃食物之间的差异程度。

Although the findings of this new study contradict standard dietary advice, they do not come as a surprise to all of the researchers involved. Dr. Rao, one of the study authors, noted that, after 20 years of experience in the field of obesity, he has observed that people who have a regimented lifestyle and diet tend to be thinner and healthier than people with a wide variety of consumption. This anecdotal evidence matches the conclusions of the study, which found no evidence that dietary diversity promotes healthy body weight or optimal eating patterns, and limited evidence shows that eating a variety of foods is actually associated with consuming more calories, poor eating patterns and weight gain. Further, there is some evidence that a greater variety of food options in a single meal may delay people's feeling of fullness and actually increase how much they eat.

尽管这项新研究的发现与标准饮食建议相矛盾，但它们并未让所有参与研究人员感到惊讶。研究作者之一拉奥博士指出，在肥胖领域拥有20年经验后，他观察到，生活方式和饮食有规律的人往往比消费多样化的人更瘦、更健康。这一轶事证据与研究结论相符，该研究没有发现饮食多样性促进健康体重或最佳饮食模式的证据，有限的证据表明，吃多种食物实际上与摄入更多卡路里、不良饮食模式和体重增加有关。此外，有一些证据表明，一餐中食物选择的多样性可能会延迟人们的饱腹感，并实际增加他们的进食量。

Based on their findings, the researchers endorse a diet consisting of a limited number of healthy foods such as vegetables, fruits, grains, and poultry. They also recommend that people simultaneously endeavor to restrict consumption of sweets, sugar and red meat. The researchers stress, however, that their dietary recommendations do not imply dietary diversity is never positive, and that, in the past, diversity in diets of whole, unprocessed food may have actually been very beneficial.

基于他们的发现，研究人员推荐一种由有限数量的健康食物组成的饮食，如蔬菜、水果、谷物和禽肉。他们还建议人们同时努力限制糖果、糖和红肉的摄入。然而，研究人员强调，他们的饮食建议并不意味着饮食多样性从来都不是积极的，而且在过去，全食物、未加工食品的饮食多样性实际上可能非常有益。