2023年06月六级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

Technology is never a neutral tool for achieving human ends. Technological innovations reshape people as they use these innovations to control their environment. Artificial intelligence, for example, is altering humanity.

技术从来不是实现人类目的的中立工具。技术创新在人们用其控制环境的同时重塑着人类。例如，人工智能正在改变人类。

While the term AI conjures up anxieties about killer robots or catastrophic levels of unemployment, there are other, deeper implications. As AI increasingly shapes the human experience, how does this change what it means to be human? Central to the problem is a person's capacity to make choices, particularly judgments that have moral implications.

尽管人工智能一词让人联想到关于杀人机器人或灾难性失业水平的焦虑，但还有其他更深层的含义。随着人工智能日益塑造人类体验，这如何改变了“成为人类”的含义？问题的核心是一个人做出选择的能力，尤其是具有道德影响的判断。

Aristotle argued that the capacity for making practical judgments depends on regularly making them—on habit and practice. We see the emergence of machines as substitute judges in a variety of everyday contexts as a potential threat to people learning how to effectively exercise judgment themselves.

亚里士多德认为，做出实践判断的能力依赖于经常做判断——依赖于习惯和实践。我们看到，机器作为替代判断者出现在各种日常情境中，这可能对人们学会如何有效行使判断力构成潜在威胁。

In the workplace, managers routinely make decisions about who to hire or fire and which loan to approve, to name a few. These are areas where algorithmic (算法的) prescription is replacing human judgment, and so people who might have had the chance to develop practical judgment in these areas no longer will.

在工作场所，管理者通常决定雇用或解雇谁以及批准哪些贷款等。这些领域正在被算法处方取代人类判断，因此原本可能有机会在这些领域发展实践判断的人将不再有机会。

Recommendation engines, which are increasingly prevalent intermediaries in people's consumption of culture, may serve to constrain choice and minimize luck. By presenting consumers with algorithmically selected choices of what to watch, read, stream and visit next, companies are replacing human taste with machine taste. In one sense, this is helpful. After all, machines can survey a wider range of choices than any individual is likely to have the time or energy to do on their own.

推荐引擎作为人们文化消费中日益普遍的中介，可能会限制选择并最小化运气。通过向消费者呈现算法选择的观看、阅读、流媒体和访问内容，公司正在用机器品味取代人类品味。从某种意义上说，这很有帮助。毕竟，机器可以审查比任何个人可能有时间或精力自行完成的更广泛的选择范围。

At the same time, though, this selection is optimizing for what people are likely to prefer based on what they've preferred in the past. We think there is some risk that people's options will be constrained by their past in a new and unanticipated way.

然而，与此同时，这种选择是基于人们过去的偏好来优化他们可能喜欢的内容。我们认为存在一种风险，即人们的选择将以一种新的和未曾预料的方式受到他们过去的限制。

As machine learning algorithms improve and as they train on more extensive data sets, larger parts of everyday life are likely to become utterly predictable. The predictions are going to get better and better, and they will ultimately make common experiences more efficient and pleasant.

随着机器学习算法的改进以及它们在更广泛的数据集上进行训练，日常生活中的更大部分可能变得完全可预测。预测将会变得越来越好，最终使常见体验更加高效和愉快。

Algorithms could soon-if they don't already—have a better idea about which show you'd like to watch next and which job candidate you should hire than you do. One day, humans may even find a way for machines to make these decisions without some of the biases that humans typically display.

算法可能很快——如果还没有的话——比你更清楚你想看哪个节目以及应该雇用哪位求职者。有一天，人类甚至可能找到一种方法，让机器在没有人类通常表现出的某些偏见的情况下做出这些决定。

But to the extent that unpredictability is part of how people understand themselves and part of what people like about themselves, humanity is in the process of losing something significant. As they become more and more predictable, the creatures inhabiting the increasingly AI-mediated world will become less and less like us.

但就不可预测性是人们理解自己的方式以及人们喜欢自己的部分而言，人类正在失去一些重要的东西。随着它们变得越来越可预测，居住在日益人工智能中介的世界中的生物将变得越来越不像我们。