2018年考研英语一阅读 Text 2 原文翻译及答案解析

A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump's use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president's social media platform.

哈佛大学的一项新调查显示，超过三分之二的美国年轻人不赞成特朗普总统使用Twitter。这意味着千禧一代更倾向于通过其他渠道获取白宫新闻，而非总统的社交媒体平台。

Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.

大多数美国人依赖社交媒体查看每日头条新闻。然而，随着对所有媒体的不信任感上升，人们可能开始增强他们的媒体素养技能。这种趋势非常必要。根据牛津大学的数据，在2016年总统竞选期间，政治关键州密歇根州的Twitter用户分享的网络内容中，近四分之一是假新闻。一项为BuzzFeed新闻进行的调查发现，44%的Facebook用户很少或从不信任来自该媒体巨头的新闻。

Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use "distributed trust" to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives - especially those that are open about any bias. "Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints," the survey concluded.

作为数字原生代的年轻人，确实在网络空间中越来越擅长区分事实与虚构。奈特基金会针对14至24岁年轻人的焦点小组调查发现，他们使用“分布式信任”来核实新闻。他们交叉核对来源，并偏好来自不同视角的新闻——尤其是那些公开承认任何偏见的新闻。调查总结道：“许多年轻人在自我教育和积极寻求对立观点方面承担了很大的个人责任。”

Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people's reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.

这种主动研究可能还有另一个影响。威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校在澳大利亚、英国和美国进行的一项2014年调查发现，年轻人对社交媒体的依赖导致了更高的政治参与度。

Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is "reader error," more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in "misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news" via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. "This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem," says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.

社交媒体让用户更亲密、即时地体验新闻事件，同时也允许他们重新分享新闻，作为其价值观和兴趣的投射。这迫使用户更加意识到自己在传递信息中的角色。巴纳研究集团的一项调查发现，美国人认为假新闻现象的首要原因是“读者错误”，而不是编造的故事或报道中的事实错误。约三分之一的人表示，假新闻问题在于通过社交媒体“误解或夸大实际新闻”。换句话说，在社交媒体上分享新闻的选择可能是问题的核心。巴纳集团主编Roxanne Stone表示：“这表明在对抗这一问题上，存在真正的个人责任。”

So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills - and in their choices on when to share on social media.

因此，当年轻人批评一位过度发推的总统时，他们展现了思维技能中的心理自律——以及在何时分享社交媒体上的选择。