2024年考研英语二阅读 Text 3 原文翻译及答案解析

One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it's time to turn over the keys. “It's a complete life-changer” when someone stops - or is forced to stop - driving, said former risk manager Anne M. Menke.

让不安全的老年驾驶员远离道路的最大挑战之一是说服他们交出钥匙。前风险经理Anne M. Menke表示，当有人停止或被迫停止驾驶时，“这完全改变了生活。”

“The American Medical Association advises physicians that ‘in situations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,’” Menke wrote. “Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports, while a few consider a report a breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality,” she counseled.

Menke写道：“美国医学协会建议医生，‘在明确证据显示严重驾驶障碍对患者和公共安全构成强烈威胁，并且医生建议停止驾驶特权被忽略的情况下，通知机动车辆部门是可取且符合伦理的。’”她指出：“一些州要求医生报告，其他州允许但不要求报告，而少数州认为报告违反保密规定。如果医生不遵守州关于报告和保密的法律，可能会面临责任和处罚。”

Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including gerontologists, highway administration officials, automotive engineers and others, said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan. “There's not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,” she said. “We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe and what can help,” said Dugan.

老年学家Elizabeth Dugan表示，确保老年驾驶员安全的部分问题在于，这些困难由不同职业、不同重点的从业者零散处理，包括老年学家、公路管理人员、汽车工程师等。她说：“没有国家老年驾驶员研究所。” Dugan说：“我们需要更好的证据来了解什么导致驾驶员不安全，以及什么能有所帮助。”

One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a 31 per cent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older, according to one study. Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers, although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.

一项确实似乎有效的措施是要求驾驶员亲自报告以续签驾照。根据一项研究，强制亲自续签与85岁及以上驾驶员致命事故减少31%相关。通过视力测试也产生了类似下降，尽管将两者结合似乎没有额外好处。

Many older drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to. Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can't turn their heads or remember where they are going - or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.

许多老年驾驶员不去看眼科医生或负担不起。初级保健提供者忙得不可开交，可能无法跟进那些因无法转头、忘记去往何处、或身材变矮但没有充分调整座椅设置以轻松够到汽车踏板而驾驶困难的患者。

As long as there are other cars on the roads, self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes, said Dugan. Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require too many algorithms, she said. But we need to do more to improve safety, said Dugan. “If we're going to have 100-year lives, we need cars that a 90-year old can drive comfortably.”

Dugan表示，只要道路上还有其他车辆，自动驾驶汽车就无法解决事故问题。她说，避免所有人类驾驶员构成的危险需要太多算法。但我们需要做更多来提高安全性，Dugan说：“如果我们想要活到100岁，我们需要能让90岁老人舒适驾驶的汽车。”