2024年考研英语二阅读 Text 4 原文翻译及答案解析

If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to your health - and probably several. Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form. Recent research found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.

如果你看看手机上的应用程序，很可能你至少有一个与健康相关的——可能还有好几个。无论是心理健康应用、健身追踪器、连接式健康设备还是其他东西，我们许多人都在利用这种技术以某种形式更好地跟踪自己的健康。最近的研究发现，市场上有35万个健康应用程序，其中仅2020年就有9万个上市。

While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected, safeguarded and shared online. Existing health privacy law is primarily focused on the way hospitals, doctors' offices, clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legal protections.

尽管这些应用提供了很多好处，但我们输入的个人信息如何被收集、保护和在线共享并不总是清楚的。现有的健康隐私法主要关注医院、医生办公室、诊所和保险公司在线存储健康记录的方式。这些应用和健康数据追踪可穿戴设备收集的健康信息通常没有得到相同的法律保护。

Without additional protections in place, companies may share and potentially monetize personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated. In 2021, Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission (FTC) investigation. The FTC alleged in a complaint that “despite express privacy claims, the company took control of users' sensitive fertility data and shared it with third parties.” Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users' express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.

如果没有额外的保护措施，公司可能会以消费者未授权或未预料到的方式共享并可能将个人健康信息货币化。2021年，Flo Health面临联邦贸易委员会（FTC）的调查。FTC在投诉中指控称，“尽管有明确的隐私声明，该公司控制了用户敏感的生育数据并将其与第三方共享。”Flo Health和FTC通过同意令解决了此事，要求公司在共享健康信息前获得应用用户的明确肯定同意，并指示第三方删除已获得的数据。

Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm. While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.

《联邦贸易委员会法》第五节授权FTC对不公平或欺骗性行为采取执法行动，这意味着FTC只能在公司的隐私做法具有误导性或造成不正当消费者损害后才能采取行动。尽管FTC正在尽力确保应用兑现其在处理敏感健康信息方面对消费者的承诺，但这些健康应用进入市场的速度表明这是多么巨大的挑战。

As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data. California has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation.

至于联邦立法的前景，评论人士认为全面的联邦隐私立法短期内似乎不太可能。各州已开始实施自己的解决方案，以加强对消费者生成健康数据的保护。加利福尼亚州通过2018年的《加利福尼亚消费者隐私法》一直处于州隐私努力的前沿。弗吉尼亚州、科罗拉多州和犹他州最近也通过了州消费者数据隐私立法。