2016年06月四级第1套听力原文及答案解析

In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people.

该机构在其最新的全球就业趋势更新中表示，今年失业人数的预测范围从2.1亿到近2.4亿人。

The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than $2 per day in the past three years.

报告警告称，过去三年中，有2亿贫困工人面临加入每天生活费不足2美元人群的风险。

The Director General of the International Labour Organization, Juan Somavia, notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis.

国际劳工组织总干事胡安·索马维亚指出，一些国家已采取措施应对全球危机的影响。

However, he points out that many countries have not done so, and based on past experiences, it takes four to five years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels.

然而，他指出许多国家尚未这样做，并且根据以往经验，经济复苏后需要四到五年时间，失业率才能恢复到危机前的水平。

Mr.

先生。

Somavia says the International Labour Organization is proposing a Global Jobs Agreement to deal with unemployment.

索马维亚表示，国际劳工组织正在提议一项全球就业协议，以应对失业问题。

Its key objective is to place at the centre of recovery efforts measures that will generate higher levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable.

其关键目标是将能够创造更高就业水平并为最脆弱群体提供基本社会保障的措施置于复苏努力的中心。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和问题2基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. What is the news report mainly about?

问题1：新闻报道主要关于什么？

Question 2. What does Juan Somavia, Director General of the International Labour Organization, say?

问题2：国际劳工组织总干事胡安·索马维亚说了什么？

News report 2.

新闻报道2。

Big fast food chains in New York City have started to obey a first-of-its-kind rule requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu.

纽约市的大型快餐连锁店已经开始遵守一项前所未有的规定，要求它们在菜单上直接标注卡路里含量。

Cathy Nonas is with the New York City Department of Health.

Cathy Nonas 供职于纽约市卫生部。

We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchase the food and make a decision, an informed decision, that if they want to make the healthier choice, if they want to eat fewer calories, they can.

我们希望给人们一个机会，在购买食物前实际看到卡路里含量，并做出明智的决定——如果他们想做出更健康的选择，如果他们想摄入更少的卡路里，他们可以这样做。

And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity.

并且我们预计这将对肥胖产生巨大影响。

And of course, if it has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes and heart disease and high blood pressure.

当然，如果它对肥胖有影响，也会对糖尿病、心脏病和高血压产生影响。

The new rules were introduced as part of an anti-obesity campaign that also includes a recent citywide ban on artificial trans fats in restaurant food.

新规定作为反肥胖运动的一部分被引入，该运动还包括最近全市范围内禁止在餐馆食品中使用人造反式脂肪。

The menu rule only applies to restaurants that serve standardised portion sizes and have 15 or more locations nationwide.

菜单规定仅适用于提供标准化份量并在全国拥有15家或以上分店的餐厅。

Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties of up to $2,000 for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus, preferably next to the price.

从上周六开始，规模足够大、符合该规定的连锁店，如果未在菜单的显眼位置（最好在价格旁边）显示卡路里信息，将面临高达2000美元的罚款。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题3和4基于你刚才听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What are big fast food chains in New York City required to do according to the new rule?

问题3。根据新规定，纽约市的大型快餐连锁店需要做什么？

Question 4. What will happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?

问题4。违反新规定的大型餐厅连锁店会面临什么？

News report 3.

新闻报道3。

Almost all companies recognise the importance of innovation today, but not many are able to integrate innovation into their business.

几乎所有的公司今天都认识到创新的重要性，但没有多少公司能够将创新融入其业务中。

A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesn't mean piles of documents.

《上海日报》的一篇评论指出，创新并不意味着成堆的文件。

It's something more practical.

它是更实用的东西。

The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new, but actually it's more than that.

这篇文章说，许多人倾向于认为创新只是创造新事物，但实际上远不止于此。

It's an attitude of doing things.

它是一种做事的态度。

A company should find ways to innovate, not just in products, but also in functions, business models and processes.

一家公司应该找到创新的方法，不仅在产品上，还要在功能、商业模式和流程上。

The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble as an example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success.

这篇文章以全球巨头宝洁公司为例，称一个真正的创新型公司应该发展创新文化，并将其作为成功的主要工具。

Procter & Gamble has a Corporate Innovation Fund, which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed.

宝洁公司有一个企业创新基金，为成功的高风险想法提供丰厚奖励。

It also has a special innovation facility for its employees.

它还为员工提供了一个专门的创新设施。

Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobs for weeks and spend their time interacting in the innovation facility instead.

有时，员工被从日常工作中释放出来数周时间，转而在创新设施中互动交流。

In conclusion, the article says innovative ideas alone do not ensure success.

最后，这篇文章说，仅凭创新想法并不能确保成功。

It's pointless unless there's repeatable processes in place to turn inspiration into financial performance.

除非有可重复的流程将灵感转化为财务表现，否则这是无意义的。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5到7基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What is the problem with many companies according to the news report?

问题5。根据新闻报道，许多公司的问题是什么？

Question 6. What do many people tend to think of innovation?

问题6。许多人倾向于如何看待创新？

Question 7. What does the company, Procter & Gamble, owe its success to?

问题7。宝洁公司的成功归功于什么？

Conversation 1.

对话1。

M: So, Lindsay, do you like to text message on your cell phone?

那么，Lindsay，你喜欢在手机上发短信吗？

F: Yeah, I text message a lot.

是的，我经常发短信。

M: I don't do it so much.

我不怎么发。

M: I prefer to make a call if I'm in a hurry.

如果赶时间，我更喜欢打电话。

F: Yeah, I go both ways.

是的，我两种方式都用。

F: Sometimes I don't really want to talk to the person.

有时候我其实不想和那个人说话。

F: I just want to ask them one question, so it's much easier for me just to text message.

我只是想问他们一个问题，所以发短信对我来说容易得多。

F: If I call them, I'll have to have a long conversation.

如果我打电话，就得进行长时间的对话。

M: Yeah, I can see what you mean.

是的，我明白你的意思。

M: But I get off the phone pretty quickly when I call.

但我打电话时很快就挂了。

M: I'm not a big talker.

我不太爱说话。

F: Yeah, that's true.

是的，确实如此。

F: You don't talk a lot.

你话不多。

M: So, are you fast at writing the messages with your thumb?

那么，你用拇指打字发短信快吗？

F: Well, when I first got a cell phone, I was so slow.

嗯，我刚有手机时，我非常慢。

F: I thought I would never text message.

我以为我永远不会发短信。

F: But then people kept text messaging me.

但后来人们不断给我发短信。

F: So I felt obliged to learn how to text message.

所以我觉得有必要学会发短信。

F: So now I'm pretty fast.

所以我现在相当快了。

F: What about you?

你呢？

M: Actually, I have the opposite problem.

实际上，我有相反的问题。

M: When I first got my cell phone, I thought it was so cool to text message all my friends who had one.

我刚有手机时，我觉得给所有有手机的朋友发短信很酷。

M: And I was pretty fast with my thumb then.

那时我用拇指打字相当快。

M: But it seems like now I don't use it so much.

但似乎现在我不怎么用了。

M: I've gotten slower, actually.

实际上，我变慢了。

F: Yeah, I think text messaging actually sort of has to do with your age.

是的，我认为发短信实际上和你的年龄有关。

F: For example, people in high school, they text message a lot.

例如，高中生他们经常发短信。

F: But I asked my father if he text messages, and guess what he said?

但我问我父亲他是否发短信，猜他说什么？

M: What?

什么？

F: He said he'd never text message.

他说他永远不会发短信。

F: He thinks it's very childish and unprofessional to text message.

他认为发短信非常幼稚和不专业。

M: Yeah, I can see what he means.

是的，我明白他的意思。

M: It's considered pretty informal to text message someone.

给某人发短信被认为相当非正式。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题8到11基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 8. What does the man say about himself?

问题8. 男人说了关于自己的什么？

Question 9. What does the man tend to do while she is on the phone?

问题9. 当女人打电话时，男人倾向于做什么？

Question 10. Why did the man text message all his friends when he first got his cell phone?

问题10. 男人刚有手机时为什么给所有朋友发短信？

Question 11. What does the woman's father think of text messaging?

问题11. 女人的父亲对发短信有什么看法？

Conversation 2.

对话二。

F: Good morning, Mr.

早上好，先生。

F: Johnson.

约翰逊。

F: How can I help you?

有什么可以帮您的吗？

M: Well, I'd like to talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager.

嗯，我想和您谈谈蒂姆·邦德，部门经理。

F: What seems to be the problem?

问题似乎是什么？

M: Well, ever since Sandra left the department, I feel like I've been targeted to do all her work, as well as mine.

嗯，自从桑德拉离开部门后，我觉得我被针对了，要做所有她的工作，还有我自己的。

M: I'm expected to attend too many meetings, and I seem to be spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paperwork.

我要参加太多会议，而且似乎花很多时间做不必要的文书工作。

F: I'm sorry to hear that.

听到这个我很难过。

M: And, on top of that, I'd specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday, as I'd done a lot of overtime during the week.

而且，除此之外，上周五我专门问过能否早点下班，因为那周我加了很多班。

M: But that afternoon, even though I'd finished my assigned work, I was told to help other colleagues finish their work too.

但那天下午，尽管我完成了分配的工作，还是被告知要帮助其他同事完成他们的工作。

F: But surely that's a positive sign, showing that Mr Bond has a lot of trust in you.

但那肯定是一个积极的信号，表明邦德先生对你很信任。

M: Yes, but other colleagues get to leave early, and they don't have such a lot of work to do.

是的，但其他同事可以早点下班，而且他们没有那么多工作要做。

F: So you feel he's been making unrealistic demands on you?

所以你觉得他对你提出了不切实际的要求？

M: Yes, absolutely.

是的，绝对如此。

F: Have you approached Mr Bond about this particular problem?

你找过邦德先生谈这个特定问题吗？

M: I've tried, but it seems like he just has no time for me.

我试过，但他似乎就是没有时间理我。

F: Well, at this stage it would be better if you approached him directly.

嗯，在目前阶段，如果你直接找他谈会更好。

F: If nothing else, showing that you've tried to solve the problem yourself, before you take it further, makes it clear that you're not just a complainer.

至少，表明你在进一步行动之前已经尝试自己解决问题，这清楚地表明你不是一个只会抱怨的人。

F: Why don't you send an email requesting a meeting with him in private?

你为什么不发封邮件请求私下与他见面呢？

M: Hmm, I'd be a bit worried about his reaction.

嗯，我有点担心他的反应。

M: But anyway, I'll send him an email to request a meeting, and we'll see what happens from there.

但不管怎样，我会给他发邮件请求见面，然后我们再看情况。

M: Thanks for your advice.

谢谢你的建议。

F: Good luck, and let us know the outcome.

祝你好运，并告诉我们结果。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题12到15基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 12. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

问题12. 从对话中我们了解到关于这位男士的什么信息？

Question 13. What is the man's chief complaint?

问题13. 这位男士的主要抱怨是什么？

Question 14. How does the woman interpret the fact that the man was asked to help his colleagues with their work?

问题14. 女士如何解释这位男士被要求帮助同事工作的事实？

Question 15. What did the woman advise the man to do?

问题15. 女士建议这位男士做什么？

Passage 1.

段落1。

The massive decline in sleep happens so slowly and quietly that few seem to notice the trend.

睡眠的大幅下降发生得如此缓慢和安静，以至于似乎很少有人注意到这一趋势。

Was it because of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games, and endless TV channels?

是因为互联网、视频游戏和无尽电视频道日益增长的吸引力吗？

Never disconnecting from work?

从未从工作中断开连接？

No matter how it happened, millions of Americans are putting their health, quality of life, and even length of life in danger.

无论这是如何发生的，数百万美国人正在将他们的健康、生活质量甚至寿命置于危险之中。

New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority.

新证据表明为什么获得充足睡眠是首要任务。

Some 40% of Americans get less than seven hours of shut-eye on weeknights.

大约40%的美国人在工作日晚上睡眠时间少于七小时。

The link between sleep and health and bad sleep and disease is becoming clearer and clearer, says Lawrence Epstein, a sleep expert at Harvard University.

哈佛大学的睡眠专家劳伦斯·爱泼斯坦说，睡眠与健康、不良睡眠与疾病之间的联系正变得越来越清晰。

For example, sleep duration has declined from some eight hours in the 1950s to seven in recent years.

例如，睡眠时间已从20世纪50年代的约八小时下降到近年来的七小时。

At the same time, high blood pressure has become an increasing problem.

与此同时，高血压已成为一个日益严重的问题。

Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at their lowest levels during sleep.

血压和心率通常在睡眠期间处于最低水平。

People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain, and other problems.

睡眠较少的人往往有更高的血压、心脏病发作、糖尿病、体重增加和其他问题。

Sleeping better may help fight off illness.

睡眠更好可能有助于抵御疾病。

When people are sleep-deprived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies, which can decrease immune function, says Dr.

博士说，当人们睡眠不足时，体内压力激素水平较高，这可能会降低免疫功能。

Phyllis Zee of Northwestern University in Chicago.

芝加哥西北大学的菲利斯·泽博士。

A University of Chicago study shows people who sleep well live longer.

芝加哥大学的一项研究表明，睡眠良好的人寿命更长。

So say goodnight sooner, and it may help you stay active and vital to a ripe old age.

所以早点说晚安，这可能帮助你保持活跃和活力直到高龄。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16到18基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 16. What is the speaker mainly talking about?

问题16。演讲者主要谈论什么？

Question 17. What do we learn from the talk about today's Americans?

问题17。从谈话中我们了解到今天美国人的什么情况？

Question 18. What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack sleep?

问题18。演讲者说缺乏睡眠的人会发生什么？

Passage 2.

段落2。

Parents and teachers will tell you not to worry when applying for a place at a university, but, in the same breath, will remind you that it is the most important decision of your life.

父母和老师会告诉你，在申请大学时不要担心，但同时也会提醒你，这是你一生中最重要的决定。

The first decision is your choice of course.

第一个决定是你的课程选择。

It will depend on what you want to get out of university, what you are good at, and what you enjoy.

这将取决于你想从大学获得什么、你擅长什么以及你喜欢什么。

The next decision is where to apply.

下一个决定是申请哪里。

Aim high, but within reason.

志向要高，但也要合理。

Do you have the right combination of subjects, and are your expected grades likely to meet entry requirements?

你是否有正确的科目组合，以及你的预期成绩是否可能满足入学要求？

The deadline is January 15, but it is best to submit your application early because universities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in.

截止日期是1月15日，但最好尽早提交申请，因为大学一旦收到表格就开始处理。

The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement.

申请中最重要的是令人畏惧的个人陈述。

This is your chance to convey boundless enthusiasm for the subject, so economy of expression is foremost.

这是你表达对该学科无限热情的机会，因此表达简洁至关重要。

Omit dull and ineffective generalities, and make sure you give concrete examples.

省略枯燥无效的泛泛之谈，确保提供具体例子。

Admissions officers read every personal statement that arrives.

招生官员会阅读每一份收到的个人陈述。

It is not convincing if you say you have chosen a subject because you enjoy it.

如果你说你选择一门学科是因为你喜欢它，这并不令人信服。

You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you.

你必须传达出特定领域的哪些方面启发了你。

They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject.

他们会寻找证据，证明你已经反思并思考过该学科。

Applicants should be honest.

申请人应该诚实。

There is no point saying you run marathons if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor.

如果说你跑马拉松，但到达二楼面试时气喘吁吁，那就没有意义了。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题19到21基于你刚才听到的文章。

Question 19. What is the first decision you should make in preparing to apply for a place at university?

问题19。在准备申请大学时，你应该做的第一个决定是什么？

Question 20. What is the most important part of the application?

问题20。申请中最重要的是什么？

Question 21. What must applicants do in their personal statements?

问题21。申请人在个人陈述中必须做什么？

Passage 3.

第3段。

It is usually agreed that a German, Karl Benz, built the first motor car in 1885.

通常认为，德国人卡尔·本茨在1885年制造了第一辆汽车。

It was actually a tricycle with a petrol motor at the rear.

实际上，它是一辆后部装有汽油发动机的三轮车。

Soon members of the royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport.

很快，王室成员和其他富人开始将驾车作为一种运动。

Many of the early cars had two seats.

许多早期汽车有两个座位。

There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns.

当时没有汽油泵，车库也很少，因此每位司机都必须自己充当工程师来处理频繁的故障。

By 1905, cars began to look like cars of today, with headlamps, windscreen, rubber tyres and number plates.

到1905年，汽车开始看起来像今天的汽车，有头灯、挡风板、橡胶轮胎和车牌。

Henry Ford's Model T, introduced in America in 1909, was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line.

亨利·福特的T型车于1909年在美国推出，更便宜是因为它是在装配线上生产的。

It brought cars closer towards the reach of ordinary people.

它使汽车更接近普通人的购买范围。

With the popularity of the car, registration became a must in 1903 with the Motor Car Act.

随着汽车的普及，1903年《机动车法案》规定注册成为必须。

Competency tests were introduced in 1935.

能力测试于1935年引入。

Today, the legal driving age for a car in the UK is 17.

如今，在英国，驾驶汽车的法定年龄是17岁。

You are not allowed to drive a car unsupervised until you have passed a driving test.

在通过驾驶考试之前，你不得无监督地驾驶汽车。

In 1958, Britain celebrated the opening of its first motorway, the Preston Bypass.

1958年，英国庆祝了第一条高速公路——普雷斯顿绕城公路的开通。

Until then, no one really understood what a motorway was, not even the labourers who were building it.

在那之前，没有人真正理解什么是高速公路，甚至建造它的工人也不明白。

The Bypass hailed a new era in motor travel and was greeted with excitement and optimism.

绕城公路宣告了汽车旅行的新时代，受到热烈欢迎和乐观期待。

Service stations came with the motorway, and the legend of the transport café was born.

随着高速公路的出现，服务区诞生了，运输咖啡馆的传奇由此开始。

Of course, the service station has diversified greatly, but, whether it's an English-cooked breakfast or a coffee and sandwich, one thing has remained the same – the prices.

当然，服务区已经大大多样化，但是，无论是英式早餐还是咖啡和三明治，有一样东西始终不变——价格。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

第22至25题基于你刚才听到的段落。

Question 22. What does the speaker say about the first motor car?

问题22：关于第一辆汽车，说话者说了什么？

Question 23. What was the problem with the early cars in Britain?

问题23：英国早期汽车的问题是什么？

Question 24. Why did Henry Ford's Model T cars cost less?

问题24：为什么亨利·福特的T型车成本更低？

Question 25. What do we learn about the Preston Bypass?

问题25：关于普雷斯顿绕城公路，我们了解到什么？