2016年06月四级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.

随着人工智能（AI）日益复杂，人们越来越担心机器人可能成为威胁。计算机科学教授斯图尔特·拉塞尔认为，如果我们能找出如何将人类价值观转化为可编程代码，就可以避免这种危险。

Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language.

拉塞尔认为，随着机器人承担更复杂的任务，有必要将我们的道德观翻译成AI语言。

For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. "You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values," said Russell.

例如，如果机器人做家务，你不会希望它把宠物猫放进烤箱为饥饿的孩子做饭。拉塞尔说：“你会希望那个机器人预先加载一套良好的价值观。”

Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.

一些机器人已经被编程了基本的人类价值观。例如，移动机器人被编程为与人类保持舒适距离。显然存在文化差异，但如果你在与另一个人交谈时，他们靠近你的个人空间，你不会认为这是一个有教养的人会做的事情。

It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.

只要我们能找到一种方式将人类价值观制定为清晰规则，就有可能创造出更复杂的道德机器。

Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.

机器人也可以通过从大量人类行为数据中提取模式来学习价值观。只有当程序员粗心时，它们才是危险的。

The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo (禁忌).

机器人违背人类价值观的最大担忧是人类未能进行充分测试，并产生了一个会违反某种禁忌的系统。

One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.

一个简单的检查方法是，当遇到不寻常情况时，编程机器人向人类核实正确的行动方案。

If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps (嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.

如果机器人不确定动物是否适合微波炉，它有机会停下来，发出嘟嘟声，并向人类寻求指示。如果我们人类对某个决定不太确定，我们会去问别人。

The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in morals, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.

编程价值观中最困难的一步将是精确决定我们相信什么道德，以及如何创建一套道德规则。但如果我们找到答案，机器人可能对人类有益。