2016年12月四级第3套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere.

最近我参加了几次会议，讨论如何留住学生并防止年轻教师流向其他地方。

It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to "solve problems-real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired- not to teach but to hold meetings- has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is a clearing house (信息交流中心) for using in classrooms and in online courses. It's an administrative sham (欺诈) of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years.

似乎高等教育已成为一个会议举办者的产业，其任务是“解决问题——无论是真实的还是想象的”。在我担任三所不同学院教授的职位上，教育年轻人和年长学生的实际问题日益严重，而被雇用的人数——不是为了教学而是为了开会——却大幅增加。每一个新问题都会为行政解决者创造一个新的工作岗位。以我们的卓越教学中心为例。与它的名称相反，该中心是一个用于课堂和在线课程的信息交流中心。这是过去30年来成倍增加的那种行政欺诈。

I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems- class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being-might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic (官僚的) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other.

我提出一个简单的建议作为回应：我们的许多问题——如课堂出勤率、教育成功、学生幸福和福祉——可能通过减少官僚机制和会议，转而雇用大量优秀教师来得到改善。如果我们用课堂教师替换一半的行政人员，我们实际上可能让大多数班级回到每名教师20名或更少学生。这将是一个教师和学生真正相互了解的环境。

The teachers must be free to teach in their own way- the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally, they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers.

教师必须能够以自己的方式教学——课程应足够灵活，以便他们能够利用个人才能实现课程目标。此外，他们应该被允许教学，并因教得好而获得奖励。教师不是那些擅长研究、沉迷于研究却偶尔出现在课堂上的人。优秀的教学和研究并不排斥，但它们也不是自动相伴的。教学是一门艺术和技艺，需要天赋和实践；这不是任何人都能擅长的。人们不认识到这一点，让我完全困惑，尽管几乎任何当过学生的人都能分辨出他们最好和最差的教师。