2026年06月四级第3套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

Disgust is a universal human emotion. One type of disgust is called physical disgust, which protects us from eating or touching things that could be dangerous for us, such as raw meat or insects. Children experience physical disgust from a very early age, but do not achieve an understanding of the concept until they are around four years old.

厌恶是一种普遍存在的人类情感。有一种厌恶被称为生理厌恶，它保护我们不去吃或触碰可能对我们有害的东西，比如生肉或昆虫。儿童从很小的时候就会体验到生理厌恶，但直到四岁左右才真正理解这一概念。

Some researchers maintain that there is another type of disgust, called moral disgust, that protects us from engaging in activities that can be perceived as morally wrong. Examples of moral disgust are stealing, lying or cheating.

一些研究者认为，还存在另一种厌恶，称为道德厌恶，它保护我们不去从事那些可能被视为道德上错误的行为。道德厌恶的例子包括偷窃、撒谎或欺骗。

However, not all academics think that moral disgust really exists. Some say that when we refer to disgust in relation to moral issues, we are using disgust as a metaphor (隐喻), and what we are feeling is in reality anger.

然而，并非所有学者都认为道德厌恶真的存在。有人说，当我们在道德问题上提到厌恶时，我们是把厌恶当作一种隐喻，而我们实际感受到的其实是愤怒。

If moral disgust appears quite late in development, it makes sense to think that there is actually a social component to it. Children learn about emotions in many different ways. Of special relevance are parents-children conversations about emotions. Indeed, children whose parents talk about emotions often have a better emotional understanding than children whose parents do not discuss emotions often.

如果道德厌恶在发展过程中出现得相当晚，那么认为它实际上包含某种社会成分就是说得通的。儿童以多种不同的方式认识情感。其中尤为相关的是亲子之间关于情感的对话。事实上，父母经常谈论情感的孩子，往往比父母不常讨论情感的孩子有更好的情感理解力。

However, there are no studies that have examined how parents and children talk about disgust. This is what we set up to examine in our study.

然而，目前还没有研究考察过父母和孩子是如何谈论厌恶的。这正是我们在研究中着手考察的内容。

We asked 68 English-speaking mothers and their four-, six- or eight-year-old children to discuss some stories about moral and physical disgust. Our preliminary findings show mothers and children do talk about disgust, but mainly about physical disgust and not so much about moral disgust.

我们请68位讲英语的母亲和她们四岁、六岁或八岁的孩子讨论一些关于道德厌恶和生理厌恶的故事。我们的初步发现显示，母亲和孩子确实会谈论厌恶，但主要谈论的是生理厌恶，而较少谈及道德厌恶。

When we asked mothers and children to discuss moral issues, such as whether it is OK to play with a child who has stolen someone else's snack, they linked this type of moral wrongdoing with the emotion of anger and not disgust.

当我们请母亲和孩子讨论道德问题时，比如能否和一个偷了别人零食的孩子一起玩，他们把这类道德过错与愤怒的情绪联系在一起，而不是与厌恶。

Does this mean that moral disgust does not exist? Some researchers suggest moral disgust exists in adults. Our findings suggest that moral disgust is either understood at a later age or is only used metaphorically, if at all, in children as old as eight years.

这是否意味着道德厌恶并不存在？一些研究者认为道德厌恶存在于成年人身上。我们的发现表明，即使在八岁大的孩子身上，道德厌恶要么是在更大的年龄才被理解，要么只是被当作隐喻使用，甚至根本不被使用。