2025年12月四级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

Junk food is now a staple of many Americans' diets. Advertising campaigns from the snack food companies, often featuring sports stars, send the message that we can neutralize any negative effects of consuming their products simply by getting more physical exercise. But recent studies show a lack of exercise is not to blame for rising obesity rates. Bad diets are.

垃圾食品如今已成为许多美国人饮食的主要部分。零食公司发起的广告宣传活动常常邀请体育明星，传递出这样的信息：我们只需增加体育锻炼就能抵消消费他们产品的任何负面影响。但近期研究表明，缺乏运动并非肥胖率上升的罪魁祸首。糟糕的饮食才是。

Interventions (干预) to help reduce junk food consumption are especially important for children and teenagers. Prevention is better than cure because obesity is so difficult to treat. Unfortunately, while health education has shown some success among young children, teens have been harder to reach.

帮助减少垃圾食品消费的干预措施对儿童和青少年尤为重要。预防胜于治疗，因为肥胖症非常难以治疗。不幸的是，虽然健康教育在年幼儿童中取得了一些成效，但青少年更难触及。

Now a large-scale study has tried an innovative approach to change teenagers' attitudes towards healthy eating, and the results are promising. The researchers argued that previous interventions have probably been unsuccessful because of a major flaw: they focused on a future, healthier you and assumed that this would be enough motivation for teenagers. In contrast, the new intervention cleverly exploits teenagers' instinct for rebelliousness and autonomy, and the value they place on social justice.

如今，一项大规模研究尝试了一种创新方法来改变青少年对健康饮食的态度，结果令人鼓舞。研究人员认为，之前的干预可能因一个重大缺陷而未能成功：它们着眼于未来的、更健康的自己，并假设这足以激励青少年。相比之下，新干预巧妙地利用了青少年的叛逆本能和自主性，以及他们对社会正义的重视。

To do this, researchers had students read an article on the food industry. It revealed a secret about the manipulative and deceptive strategies used to make junk food more addictive and characterize the products as healthy. The article also explained how advertising campaigns specifically target very young and poor people, causing harm for these vulnerable groups. Afterwards, the participants read a fictional survey of teens who wanted to 'fight back against the companies by buying and eating less processed food'.

为此，研究人员让学生阅读一篇关于食品工业的文章。文章揭示了一个秘密：用于使垃圾食品更易上瘾并将这些产品描述为健康的操纵性和欺骗性策略。文章还解释了广告宣传活动如何专门针对年幼和贫困人群，对这些弱势群体造成伤害。随后，参与者阅读了一项虚构的调查，该调查显示青少年想要“通过购买和减少加工食品的摄入来反击这些公司”。

After the intervention, participants associated healthy eating with autonomy and social justice. The teenagers also rated healthy eating as being more appealing. Importantly, there were also some promising effects of the new intervention on actual behavior. A day later the students were offered a choice of snacks and drinks in a seemingly unrelated context. The teens chose healthy snacks and drinks (such as fruit or water) more often over unhealthy options (like biscuits and soda). Apparently associating a healthy diet with teenagers' own values seems to be a promising avenue to prevent obesity.

干预后，参与者将健康饮食与自主性和社会正义联系起来。青少年还认为健康饮食更具吸引力。重要的是，新干预对实际行为也产生了一些积极效果。一天后，在一个看似无关的情境中，学生们被提供了零食和饮料的选择。青少年更频繁地选择了健康零食和饮料（如水果或水），而非不健康选项（如饼干和苏打水）。显然，将健康饮食与青少年自身的价值观联系起来似乎是预防肥胖的一条有前景的途径。