2018年06月四级第1套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, take quizzes, and turn in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that's replacing—and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.

如今，数字学习系统向学生收取访问码费用，这些访问码是完成课程作业、参加测验和提交家庭作业所必需的。随着大学走向数字化，学生们抱怨他们的财务负担新增了一项——有时甚至与昂贵的教科书并存——那就是完成课程作业和提交作业所必需的昂贵在线访问码。

B) The codes—which typically range in price from $ 80 to $ 155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.

这些访问码的价格通常在每门课程80至155美元之间，使学生能够在线访问由McGraw Hill和Pearson等教育公司开发的系统。这些长期作为教科书出版商获利丰厚的公司，曾夸耀它们通过与合作大学向学生推广的新在线产品，代表了该行业的未来。

C) But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos (观念) of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.

但批评者表示，数字访问码体现了教科书行业同样的逐利观念，而且学生更难选择不用。虽然他们以前可以购买二手教科书或与朋友分享，但数字系统基本上无法回避。

D) "When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (垄断), a new way to lock students around this system," said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. "Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $ 120," said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out."

美国公共利益研究小组的高等教育倡导者Ethan Senack对BuzzFeed News表示：“当我们谈论访问码时，我们将其视为教科书垄断的新面目，是将学生束缚在该系统中的新方式。你支付的是120美元而不是250美元（纸质教科书的价格），”Senack说，“但因为全部是数字化的，它消除了二手书市场，消除了任何共享，而且由于家庭作业和测试都必须通过访问码进行，它也消除了任何选择退出的可能。”

E) Sarina Harpet, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $ 120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $ 450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.

弗吉尼亚理工大学19岁的学生Sarina Harper，在2015年刚上大学时面临一个艰难的困境——是付房租还是支付提交化学作业的费用。她告诉BuzzFeed News，她的大一化学课要求使用McGraw Hill提供的Connect系统，学生可以通过该系统提交作业、参加考试和跟踪成绩。但访问该程序的访问码需要花费120美元——对已经为教科书支付了450美元，且房租缴纳日临近的Harper来说，这是一笔不小的数目。

F) She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $ 150- $ 200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. "It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn't hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.

她决定等到下一次勤工俭学的工资（通常是150-200美元）来支付访问码的费用。她知道这样做可能导致她的化学成绩大幅下滑。“这是一种平衡，”她说，“我现在真的能负担得起这些访问码吗？”她没有提交前两次化学作业，这导致她在课程开始时的成绩就是不及格。

G) The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they're the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $ 140 million revenue in 2015 "was derived from digital products."

访问码对学生来说可能是另一个财务头痛问题，但对教科书企业而言，它们是未来。控制着21%高等教育市场的McGraw Hill在3月份报告称，其数字内容销售额在2015年首次超过了印刷品销售额。该公司表示，其2015年1.4亿美元的收入中，“45%来自数字产品。”

H) A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that "digital materials are less expensive and a good investment" that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn't respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that "in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over."

一位Pearson发言人告诉BuzzFeed News，“数字材料更便宜且是一项不错的投资”，并提供了音频文本、个性化知识检测和专家视频等新功能。该公司补充说，与传统印刷教科书相比，其数字课程材料最多可为学生节省60%的费用。McGraw Hill没有回应置评请求，但其首席执行官David Levin在八月告诉《金融时报》，“在高等教育领域，印刷教科书的时代现在结束了。”

I) The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. "These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features," David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. "It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments."

教科书行业坚持认为，在线系统对学生来说是一笔更好的交易。“这些数字产品不仅仅是学生提交作业的机制，它们还提供各种功能，”美国出版商协会高等教育执行主任David Anderson告诉BuzzFeed News，“它以印刷作业无法做到的方式帮助学生理解知识。”

J) David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn't require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. "The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most."

奥古斯塔大学社会学副教授David Hunt告诉BuzzFeed News，他理解使用需要访问码的系统的实用性。该校已在数学和心理学系推行数字教科书。但他不强制学生购买用于控制课堂作业的学习程序访问权限。“我尽量让事情尽可能便宜，”Hunt说，他为自己的课程使用免费的数字教科书，但自行设计课程。“在线系统可能让我的生活轻松很多，但我感觉像是放弃了控制权。讨论才是我的专业知识最能惠益学生的地方。”

K) A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $ 500-$ 600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn't require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $ 900 on access codes to books and programs. "That's two months of rent," she said. "You can't sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $ 30 - $ 50 and that helps to pay for your new semester's books. With an access code, you're out of that money."

佐治亚南方大学一名20岁的大三学生告诉BuzzFeed News，她通常需要花费500至600美元购买课程的访问码。有一次，教授不要求学生购买教科书，只需要一个访问码来提交作业。她说今年她在书本和程序的访问码上花了900美元。“那是两个月的房租，”她说，“你无法转售任何东西。用传统教科书，你可以以30-50美元的价格卖掉它，这有助于支付你新学期的书费。有了访问码，那笔钱就打水漂了。”

L) Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that "it's ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework." Many of the access codes he's purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. "Often it's only 10% of your grade in class." he said. "You're paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn't have it, it would affect your grades enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C." Wolverton said he spent $ 500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.

南卡罗来纳大学19岁的学生Benjamin Wolverton告诉BuzzFeed News，“在支付了数万美元的学费后，我们还必须为所有这些访问码付费才能完成作业，这太荒谬了。”他购买的许多访问码仅仅是完成家庭作业或测验所必需的。“通常它只占你课程成绩的10%，”他说，“你为几乎不影响成绩的东西支付了那么多钱——但如果你没有它，它就会足以影响你的成绩。以B或C的成绩开始可不好。”Wolverton说他这个学期在数字书本和程序的访问码上花了500美元。

M) Harper, a poultry (家禽) science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $ 20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $ 120 and $ 85.

家禽科学专业的Harper今年重修化学课，必须购买新的访问码才能提交作业。她以每本约20美元的价格租用了经济学和统计学的教科书。但她的家庭作业访问码无法租赁或购买二手，这是她最昂贵的购买项目：120美元和85美元。

N) She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy," she said. "If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun."

她仍然记得第一次因为高昂的价格而不得不跳过作业带来的刺痛感。“我们没有真正的补交作业政策，”她说，“如果你错过了，就是错过了。我有几次初始作业就得了零分。我设法把一切都拉回来了。但作为一个担心自己成绩的新生，这可不好受。”