2026年06月四级第2套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) If this doesn't encourage you to squeeze in a workout today, nothing will: a new study from Sweden shows that women who were highly fit in mid-life were nearly 90% less likely to get dementia (失智) decades later.

如果这都不能促使你今天挤出时间锻炼，那就没什么能做到了：瑞典一项新研究表明，中年时体能极佳的女性，在数十年后患失智症的可能性要低近90%。

B) After initial exercise tests in middle age, researchers followed the women for 44 years. Both groups lived just as long, but those who could ride an exercise bike at a fast rate for 6 minutes in the initial test had a much lower risk of dementia later on than those who couldn't complete the workout.

在中年时进行初始运动测试后，研究人员对这些女性跟踪了44年。两组人的寿命一样长，但那些在初始测试中能以较快速度骑健身车6分钟的人，日后患失智症的风险，要远低于那些无法完成该运动的人。

C) The study, published Wednesday in the journal Neurology, couldn't prove that exercise prevented dementia, and the findings aren't a surprise—it's long been known there's a correlation between exercise and decreased dementia risk—but the results were particularly dramatic. About 5% of the women with the highest peak workload—those who were able to bike the hardest over those 6 minutes—developed dementia, compared to 25% of those with medium fitness and 45% who weren't fit enough to finish the test, the study found. Overall, women who were highly fit compared to those who were moderately fit decreased their risk of dementia by 88%. The few highly fit women who did develop dementia became symptomatic at age 90 on average, 11 years later than the moderately fit.

这项周三发表在《神经病学》期刊上的研究，无法证明运动能预防失智，其结论也并不令人意外——人们早就知道运动与失智风险下降之间存在关联——但结果格外惊人。研究发现，峰值运动负荷最高的女性（即那6分钟里能骑得最卖力的人）中约有5%患上了失智，而体能中等者这一比例为25%，体能不足以完成测试者则高达45%。总体而言，与体能中等者相比，体能极佳的女性将失智风险降低了88%。少数体能极佳却仍患失智的女性，平均在90岁才出现症状，比体能中等者晚了11年。

D) "I'm very surprised that the finding was so strong," said Ingmar Skoog, the paper's senior author and a psychiatry (精神病学) professor at The University of Gothenburg in Sweden. "It really shows the importance of exercise."

"这一发现如此强烈，让我非常惊讶，"该论文的资深作者、瑞典哥德堡大学精神病学教授 Ingmar Skoog 说。"它确实显示了运动的重要性。"

E) Dementia, as defined in medical dictionaries, is a broad term that describes a loss of thinking ability, memory, attention, logical reasoning, and other mental abilities. These changes are severe enough to interfere with social or occupational functioning. Dementia isn't a disease. Instead, it's a group of symptoms caused by other conditions. It happens when the parts of your brain used for learning, memory, decision making, and language are damaged or diseased. About 5%-8% of adults over age 65 have some form of dementia. This percentage doubles every 5 years after 65. As many as half of people in their 80s have some dementia.

按照医学词典的定义，失智是一个宽泛的术语，用来描述思维能力、记忆力、注意力、逻辑推理及其他心智能力的丧失。这些变化严重到足以干扰社交或职业功能。失智并不是一种疾病，而是由其他病症引起的一组症状。当你大脑中用于学习、记忆、决策和语言的部分受损或病变时，就会发生失智。约有5%-8%的65岁以上成年人患有某种形式的失智。此比例在65岁之后每5年翻一番。多达一半的80多岁老人都有一定程度的失智。

F) Dementia is not temporary confusion or forgetfulness that might result from an infection that heals without treatment. It can also come from an underlying (潜在的) illness or side effects of medications. Dementia typically gets worse over time. People with dementia have problems with thinking and remembering that affect their ability to manage their daily life.

失智并非那种可能由无需治疗即可痊愈的感染所引起的暂时性意识混乱或健忘。它也可能源于某种潜在疾病或药物的副作用。失智通常会随着时间推移而恶化。失智患者在思考和记忆方面存在障碍，影响他们打理日常生活的能力。

G) Dementia is typically associated with declines in cognitive function. Yet researchers have found an association between dementia and declines in hearing and other basic sensory functions.

失智通常与认知功能的衰退相关联。然而研究人员发现，失智与听力及其他基本感官功能的衰退之间也存在关联。

H) Though the study mentioned above was fairly small (only 191 women took the initial fitness test, which means it's hard to maintain statistical significance while breaking the group down into sub-categories of more or less fit), it does give us hope that dementia can be prevented or delayed through exercise in one's middle age.

尽管上述研究规模相当小（只有191名女性参加了初始体能测试，这意味着在将该群体细分为体能较好或较差的子类别时，很难保持统计显著性），但它确实给了我们希望：失智可以通过中年时期的锻炼来预防或延缓。

I) Alzheimer's (阿尔茨海默症) and other dementias are believed to begin 15-20 years before symptoms even appear, so it makes sense that exercising in mid-life would affect the risk, Skoog said. Exercise alone is not likely to prevent Alzheimer's, but the study shows people are not helpless in the face of one of the most feared, costliest and common diseases of old age, he added. And the same activities that help prevent Alzheimer's—including avoiding smoking, getting adequate exercise and sleep and eating a healthy diet—also prevent heart disease, he said, making them even more worthwhile. "You can do something yourself to decrease your odds," Skoog said.

Skoog 说，阿尔茨海默症和其他失智症被认为在症状出现之前的15-20年就已开始，所以中年时期锻炼会影响患病风险，这是说得通的。他补充说，单靠运动不太可能预防阿尔茨海默症，但这项研究表明，面对这种最令人恐惧、代价最高昂、也最常见的老年病之一，人们并非无能为力。他说，那些有助于预防阿尔茨海默症的做法——包括不吸烟、进行充分的运动和睡眠、以及健康饮食——同样能预防心脏病，这让它们更加值得去做。"你自己能做点什么来降低患病几率，"Skoog 说。

J) Maintaining a healthy lifestyle in mid-life, decades before disease sets in, makes sense, said David Knopman, a fellow of the American Academy of Neurology, who was not involved in the study. "I suspect it's a dose," said Knopman, also associate director of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. "Starting in late life is better than not starting at all, but starting in mid-life seems to offer a larger benefit."

美国神经病学学会会员、未参与该研究的 David Knopman 说，在疾病发作前数十年的中年时期保持健康的生活方式是有道理的。"我怀疑这存在剂量效应，"Knopman 说，他还是明尼苏达州罗切斯特市梅奥诊所阿尔茨海默症研究中心的副主任。"晚年才开始总比根本不开始好，但中年时开始似乎能带来更大的益处。"

K) Although it is not entirely clear why exercise helps put off or prevent Alzheimer's, Knopman said it's likely that exercise maintains good blood flow to the brain. "When the brain is healthier from a vascular (血管的) point of view, it can absorb more Alzheimer's pathogen (病原体) before people become symptomatic," he said.

尽管运动为何有助于推迟或预防阿尔茨海默症尚不完全清楚，Knopman 说，很可能是运动维持了大脑良好的血液供应。"当大脑从血管角度看更健康时，它就能在人们出现症状之前吸收更多的阿尔茨海默症病原体，"他说。

L) The message isn't that everyone needs to run marathons in middle age, Knopman said, but a healthy lifestyle pays off.

Knopman 说，这传递的信息并不是每个人都需要在中年时去跑马拉松，而是健康的生活方式会有回报。

M) This type of study can't say exactly what kind of exercise is best, or how much is needed—only a study that has a placebo (安慰剂) group and tracks people going forward can do that, said Keith Fargo, director of scientific programs and outreach at the non-profit Alzheimer's Association. "The literature has not yet settled on an amount or type of exercise that is going to be key, although the bulk of literature has suggested that aerobic (有氧的) exercise is what you need to be doing," he said. That doesn't mean you have to compete in marathons but "more than a 10-min dog walk" would be a good idea, Fargo said.

非营利组织阿尔茨海默症协会科研项目与外联主任 Keith Fargo 说，这类研究无法确切说明哪种运动最好、需要多大运动量——只有设有安慰剂组并对人群进行前瞻性跟踪的研究才能做到这一点。"尽管大量文献表明有氧运动是你需要做的，但文献尚未就何种运动量或运动类型将起关键作用达成定论，"他说。这并不意味着你必须去参加马拉松比赛，但"比遛10分钟狗多一点"会是个好主意，Fargo 说。

N) Several lifestyle studies are getting underway soon, including one backed by the Alzheimer's Association called the US POINTER study, which will offer at-risk adults, ages 60-79, a series of lifestyle interventions (干预) to see if they impact Alzheimer's risk. That and other Alzheimer's-related studies are always looking for volunteers to participate, he said.

多项生活方式研究即将启动，其中包括一项由阿尔茨海默症协会支持、名为美国 POINTER 的研究，它将为60-79岁的高危成年人提供一系列生活方式干预，以观察这些干预是否会影响阿尔茨海默症风险。他说，这项以及其他与阿尔茨海默症相关的研究一直在招募志愿者参与。

O) In the next three to five years, these studies should allow researchers to provide clearer recommendations for exercise and other lifestyle modifications that might reduce Alzheimer's risk, such as sleep, diet and social activities, Fargo said. But it's already quite clear that exercising at any point in life is better for your brain than not exercising at all, Fargo added.

Fargo 说，在未来三到五年里，这些研究应能让研究人员就运动以及睡眠、饮食和社交活动等其他可能降低阿尔茨海默症风险的生活方式调整，提供更明确的建议。但 Fargo 补充说，已经相当清楚的是，在人生任何阶段进行锻炼，对你的大脑都好过完全不锻炼。

P) "If you don't want to have dementia when you're 80, the time to start getting fit is now," he said. "It may not necessarily give you a longer life, but there's a compelling body of work that it will give you more good years."

"如果你不想在80岁时患上失智，那么现在就是开始健身的时候，"他说。"它未必能让你更长寿，但有大量令人信服的研究表明，它会让你拥有更多健康的年头。"