2022年12月四级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

We're eating more fish than ever these days. At around 20 kilograms per person global fish consumption is now more than twice what it was in the 1960s. What's really remarkable, though, is where that fish comes from.

如今，我们吃鱼比以往任何时候都多。全球人均鱼类消费量约为20公斤，是20世纪60年代的两倍多。然而，真正引人注目的是这些鱼的来源。

For the first time in human history, most of our aquatic (水产的) food now comes from farming rather than fishing.

在人类历史上，我们的大多数水产食物首次来自养殖而非捕捞。

People ate around 73 million tonnes of farmed fish—just more than half of the volume of fish that humans consumed—in 2014. That's out of a total fish supply of 167 million tonnes; the remaining 20 million or so tonnes go into things like animal feed and medical products.

2014年，人类食用了约7300万吨养殖鱼——略超过人类鱼类消费总量的一半。总鱼类供应量为1.67亿吨；剩余约2000万吨用于动物饲料和医疗产品等。

To keep eating fish at the current rate, we're definitely going to need to keep aquaculture (水产养殖) developing. That's because the volume of fish caught in the wild has leveled off since the 1990s.

要保持目前的鱼类消费速度，我们肯定需要继续发展水产养殖。这是因为自20世纪90年代以来，野生捕捞鱼类的数量已趋于平稳。

Back in 1974, only 10% of marine fish stocks had been overfished. Now, more than three-tenths are. Only a tenth of our oceans' fish stocks could sustain heavier fishing than current levels.

早在1974年，只有10%的海洋鱼类资源被过度捕捞。现在，超过十分之三的资源被过度捕捞。只有十分之一的海洋鱼类资源能够承受比当前水平更重的捕捞压力。

But while catchings at sea have suffered, fish-farming has been growing at a fast rate. A lot of that is coming from China, which produces 60% of the world's farmed fish. In fact, some 35 countries, including China, now produce more farmed than wild-caught fish.

但是，尽管海洋捕捞受到影响，鱼类养殖却一直在快速增长。很大一部分来自中国，中国生产了世界上60%的养殖鱼。事实上，包括中国在内的约35个国家现在生产的养殖鱼多于野生捕捞鱼。

This shift toward aquaculture isn't just good for ensuring salmon (三文鱼) on your plate; it's also crucial to ensuring food security and sustainability. By 2050, the world will need to feed an estimated 9.7 billion people. They have to get their protein somewhere. However, raising cattle, pigs, and other land- based animals requires vast sums of grain and water. For example, pound for pound, beef requires 15 times more feed to raise than carp, a freshwater fish farmed all over Asia. That grain- and the water needed to grow it—could be consumed by people instead.

这种向水产养殖的转变不仅有助于确保你盘中的三文鱼，对于确保粮食安全和可持续性也至关重要。到2050年，世界将需要养活约97亿人口。他们必须从某处获取蛋白质。然而，饲养牛、猪和其他陆地动物需要大量的谷物和水。例如，按重量计算，生产牛肉所需的饲料是生产鲤鱼的15倍，鲤鱼是一种在亚洲各地养殖的淡水鱼。那些谷物——以及种植谷物所需的水——本可以被人直接消费。

However, aquaculture is no silver bullet. In some southeast Asian countries, shrimp farming does disastrous damage to marine ecosystems. Despite these problems, however, shrimp continues to be among the most popular seafoods worldwide.

然而，水产养殖并非万能药。在一些东南亚国家，虾类养殖对海洋生态系统造成灾难性破坏。尽管存在这些问题，虾仍然是世界上最受欢迎的海鲜之一。