2022年12月四级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

In 2020, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme (WFP).

2020年，诺贝尔和平奖授予了世界粮食计划署（WFP）。

Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP, and why now? In 2019, the WFP assisted nearly 100 million people in 88 countries. It is the safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability. Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else's problem.

为什么世界粮食计划署获得诺贝尔奖，而且是现在？2019年，世界粮食计划署援助了88个国家近1亿人。它是那些濒临生存边缘的人的安全网。它是对解决粮食不稳定问题的回应。其诺贝尔奖提醒我们所有人，将穷人和弱势群体视为他人问题的道德风险。

The WFP has been around since 1961 and has been the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid. Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about 11% of people on the planet (about 820 million people) are suffering daily undernourishment. Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the 1990s and 2000s.

世界粮食计划署自1961年以来一直存在，并一直是全球协调员，协调基于国家的努力以通过粮食援助避免灾难。尽管数十年努力消除饥饿，但最新估计显示，地球上约11%的人口（约8.2亿人）每天遭受营养不良。尽管在20世纪90年代和21世纪初取得进展，但减少营养不良的进展已经停止。

Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones, but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money—it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive. When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached, like loan repayment or food for resources, it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order. This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.

发达国家有时向发展中国家提供粮食和援助，但这是有代价的。一位美国哲学家指出，满足穷人和弱势群体的需求不仅仅是金钱问题——主要是创造条件，让繁荣和机会得以蓬勃发展。当援助附带沉重条件时，如贷款偿还或粮食换资源，它往往扩大贫富差距并维持旧的世界秩序。这就是为什么世界粮食计划署的工作如此重要。

The scientific community, however, can provide a helping hand to the WFP. By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger, scientists can help reduce these problems. By making its voice heard, science can lead by example. The ability to overcome food shortages that must be built into some of the poorest countries will not come from loans from wealthy countries, which may have food problems of their own, or world economic institutions. This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery.

然而，科学界可以向世界粮食计划署伸出援手。通过与最易受贫困和饥饿影响的国家的同行分享农业和气候知识，科学家可以帮助减少这些问题。通过发出自己的声音，科学可以以身作则。一些最贫穷国家必须建立的克服粮食短缺的能力，不会来自可能自身也有粮食问题的富裕国家的贷款，也不会来自世界经济机构。这种能力建立在自信的人们利用开放和共享的科学知识来摆脱苦难的基础上。