2023年12月四级第2套听力原文及答案解析

News Report 1.

新闻报道一。

A police officer in the U.

一名美国警察

S.

美

stopped a large SUV car that was going very slowly and drifting across lanes on a highway.

拦下了一辆在高速公路上行驶缓慢、偏移车道的大型SUV车。

He expected to find a driver who was either very drunk or having a medical emergency.

他原以为会发现一名司机要么是严重醉酒，要么是遇到了医疗紧急情况。

Instead, the officer discovered a five-year-old boy sat on the edge of the driver's seat.

相反，警官发现了一名五岁男孩坐在驾驶座的边缘。

His feet could barely reach the brake, and his head was only just high enough to see out of the windows.

他的脚几乎够不到刹车，他的头刚刚高到能看窗外。

The child had taken the keys to the family car while his teenage sister was napping.

孩子趁他十几岁的姐姐午睡时，拿走了家用车的钥匙。

He then drove three kilometers across town before getting on the highway.

然后他开车穿过城镇三公里，才上了高速公路。

The boy later told confused officers that he was planning to travel to California and buy a Lamborghini sports car.

男孩后来告诉困惑的警官们，他计划去加利福尼亚州买一辆兰博基尼跑车。

Although he only had three dollars in his wallet, at least he was driving in the right direction.

尽管他钱包里只有三美元，但至少他开往正确的方向。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和2基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. Why did the police officer stop the SUV car?

问题1。警官为什么拦下那辆SUV车？

Question 2. What did the boy tell the police officers he was planning to do?

问题2。男孩告诉警官他计划做什么？

News Report 2.

新闻报道2。

Mobile phones have changed the way we live.

手机已经改变了我们的生活方式。

How we read, work, communicate, and shop.

我们的阅读、工作、交流和购物方式。

But we already know this.

但我们已经知道这一点。

What we have not yet understood is the way the tiny machines in front of us are changing our skeletons, possibly altering not just the way we behave, but even the very shape of our bodies.

我们尚未理解的是，我们面前的这些微型机器正在改变我们的骨骼，可能不仅改变我们的行为方式，甚至改变我们身体的形状。

New scientific research at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia, suggests that young people are developing extra pieces of bone at the backs of their heads.

澳大利亚昆士兰阳光海岸大学的新科学研究表明，年轻人正在头部后部发育出额外的骨块。

These pieces of bone are caused by the way people bend their heads when they use the phone.

这些骨块是由人们使用手机时弯曲头部的方式引起的。

This shifts weight onto the muscles at the back of the head and causes the bone to grow in a way that is not normal.

这将重量转移到头部后部的肌肉上，并导致骨骼以不正常的方式生长。

This process can be compared to the way the skin hardens in response to constant rubbing or pressure.

这一过程可以比作皮肤在持续摩擦或压力下变硬的方式。

The result is a piece of bone like a horn that sticks out from the head by the neck.

结果是一块像角一样的骨头，从头部颈部伸出。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题3和4基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What does the report say we have not yet understood about mobile phones?

问题3. 报告说我们尚未理解关于手机的什么？

Question 4. What happens to the skin when rubbed or pressed constantly?

问题4. 当皮肤持续摩擦或按压时会发生什么？

News Report 3.

新闻报道3。

A village is going to throw a birthday party for an orange cat named Wilbur who has become famous for making a regular appearance at local shops.

一个村庄将为一只名叫威尔伯的橙色猫举办生日派对，这只猫因经常出现在当地商店而闻名。

Wilbur has his own internet pages as he approaches his 10th birthday on July 7.

随着威尔伯在7月7日迎来他的10岁生日，他拥有自己的互联网页面。

Wilbur is both bold and friendly.

威尔伯既大胆又友好。

He spends most of his time in shops and businesses around the village.

他大部分时间都在村庄周围的商店和企业里度过。

He'll just take himself into any shop anywhere.

他会自己走进任何地方的任何商店。

There was one time when the doctor's receptionist came back and he was sitting on her chair.

有一次，医生的接待员回来，发现他正坐在她的椅子上。

Among his favourite haunts are a local hairdresser, two pubs and the Nottingham Primary School.

他最喜欢去的地方包括一家当地的理发店、两家酒吧和诺丁汉小学。

Leslie Harper, who runs one of the pubs, said the cat has been a big hit with their customers.

经营其中一家酒吧的莱斯利·哈珀说，这只猫在顾客中非常受欢迎。

He's been a regular visitor for most of this year, she told the Press Association.

她告诉新闻协会，他今年大部分时间都是常客。

He's a very relaxed cat, happy for customers and villagers young and old to come in and say hello.

他是一只非常放松的猫，乐于让顾客和老少村民进来打招呼。

She also said he is a cat of expensive tastes who likes his high-priced cat food.

她还说，他是一只品味昂贵、喜欢高价猫粮的猫。

Sarah Godfrey, who is organising Wilbur's party, told the local newspaper Wilbur is part of our lives as he is for everyone who lives in the village.

组织威尔伯派对的莎拉·戈弗雷告诉当地报纸，威尔伯是我们生活的一部分，就像他对每个住在村里的人一样。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5至7基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What does the report say the village is going to do for the cat Wilbur?

问题5：报道中说村庄将为猫威尔伯做什么？

Question 6. What do we learn from the report about the cat?

问题6：从报道中我们了解到关于这只猫的什么信息？

Question 7. What does the pub owner, Leslie Harper, say about the cat?

问题7：酒吧老板莱斯利·哈珀对这只猫说了什么？

Conversation 1.

对话1。

M: So, where do you want to go for lunch?

那么，你想去哪里吃午餐？

F: I don't know.

我不知道。

F: Do you have anything in mind?

你有什么想法吗？

M: What about the sandwich place on Camden Street?

Camden街上的那家三明治店怎么样？

F: No, sorry.

不，抱歉。

F: I don't feel like sandwiches today.

我今天不想吃三明治。

F: It's a great place, but I think we go there too often.

那是个好地方，但我觉得我们去得太频繁了。

M: That's true.

确实如此。

M: Remember, that's where we saw Bridget Clark, the famous movie star.

记得吗，那就是我们见到著名电影明星Bridget Clark的地方。

F: Of course.

当然。

F: How could I ever forget?

我怎么会忘记呢？

F: There were crowds of people around her, asking for a photo with her.

她周围围满了人，要求和她合影。

M: What about hamburgers, then?

那汉堡包怎么样？

M: There's that American-style diner on the way to the mall.

去购物中心的路上有那家美式餐厅。

F: I like that place.

我喜欢那家店。

F: Their chips are great, but their service takes a long time, and I need to get back by 2:30 for a conference call.

他们的薯条很棒，但服务很慢，而我需要在2:30前回去参加电话会议。

M: How about trying something new?

尝试一些新东西怎么样？

M: We could try Mario's, the new Italian restaurant on the corner.

我们可以试试Mario's，那家新开的意大利餐厅在拐角处。

F: It looks alright.

看起来还行。

F: Have you been there?

你去过那里吗？

M: No, I haven't, but I've noticed that it has great reviews on the Internet.

不，我没去过，但我注意到它在互联网上评价很好。

M: It's supposed to be one of the best Italians in town.

它被认为是镇上最好的意大利餐厅之一。

M: I think Jeremy has been there and said it was amazing.

我觉得Jeremy去过那里，并说非常棒。

F: I'm up for that.

我愿意去。

M: Cool.

好。

F: Have you asked Jeremy if he would like to come with us?

你问过Jeremy是否愿意和我们一起去吗？

M: I already have.

我已经问过了。

M: He says he can't.

他说他不能来。

M: He has brought his own lunch today, so he will stay in.

他今天带了自己的午餐，所以他会留在公司。

M: I think his wife made him soup.

我觉得他妻子给他做了汤。

F: Poor Jeremy.

可怜的Jeremy。

F: His wife is a terrible cook.

他妻子的厨艺很差。

F: He should throw that soup in the bin and join us.

他应该把那汤倒掉，来和我们一起。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

第8至11题基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 8. What are the speakers talking about in this conversation?

问题8. 对话中的说话者在讨论什么？

Question 9. Where did the speakers see Bridget Clark, the famous movie star?

问题9. 说话者在哪里见到了著名电影明星Bridget Clark？

Question 10. Why does the woman say she needs to get back by 2:30?

问题10. 女士为什么说她需要在2:30前回去？

Question 11. Why does the woman say Jeremy should throw his soup in the bin?

问题11. 女士为什么说Jeremy应该把汤倒掉？

Conversation 2.

对话2。

F: Hi there.

你好。

F: How are you today?

今天过得怎么样？

F: Do you have a reservation with us already?

请问您已经跟我们预订过了吗？

M: Good afternoon.

下午好。

M: Yes, we reserved our rooms yesterday morning on your website for three nights.

是的，我们昨天早上在你们网站上预订了房间，住三个晚上。

M: The name's Patterson.

我姓Patterson。

F: OK, let me have a look.

好的，让我查一下。

F: Yes, we have it here.

是的，我们这里查到了。

F: You brought the whole family with you, I see.

看来您把全家都带来了。

M: Yes, the two kids, my wife and I, and her parents too.

是的，两个孩子，我妻子和我，还有她的父母也一起来了。

F: Great.

很好。

F: So, we have a family room for you and your wife and the kids, and another double room for your parents-in-law.

那么，我们为您和您妻子以及孩子准备了一间家庭房，另外为您岳父母安排了一间双人间。

F: They are right next to each other on the ground floor, since you mentioned in your message that they have trouble with stairs.

它们紧挨着，都在一楼，因为您在留言中提到他们上下楼梯有困难。

M: That's wonderful.

那太好了。

M: My father-in-law has had terrible problems getting up and down stairs since his knee operation last April.

我岳父自从去年四月膝盖手术后，上下楼梯就很困难。

F: I'm sorry to hear that.

听到这个我很难过。

F: And if you need any help to find transportation for the whole family, we can definitely recommend someone for you.

另外，如果您需要为全家找交通，我们肯定可以为您推荐人。

M: We were thinking of renting a car, but we will explore all the options available for sure.

我们本来考虑租车，但我们肯定会考虑所有可用的选项。

M: So yes, that would be very helpful in comparing prices.

所以是的，这在比较价格方面会很有帮助。

M: We're also wondering what tours and day trips are available.

我们还想知道有哪些旅游和一日游可以参加。

F: We have bunches of brochures here.

我们这里有很多宣传册。

F: I would recommend getting out on a boat trip.

我推荐去坐船游览。

F: The kids will love it, and there are so many islands nearby to explore.

孩子们会喜欢的，而且附近有很多岛屿可以探索。

F: There's also a great night market further into town that has all kinds of food and cool little shops selling souvenirs and local jewelry and clothing made by hand.

镇子深处还有一个很棒的夜市，那里有各种食物和很酷的小店，出售纪念品、当地手工珠宝和服装。

M: That all sounds marvelous.

听起来都很棒。

F: Now, all I need is to photocopy your passports, and then I can get you all checked in and show you to your rooms.

现在，我只需要复印一下你们的护照，然后就可以为你们办理入住，并带你们去房间了。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

第12到15题基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 12. Who is the man talking to in the conversation?

问题12. 在对话中，男士正在和谁交谈？

Question 13. What do we learn about the man's father-in-law from the conversation?

问题13. 从对话中我们了解到关于男士岳父的什么信息？

Question 14. Why does the man say they will explore all the options available?

问题14. 为什么男士说他们会考虑所有可用的选项？

Question 15. What does the woman suggest the man and his family do close to the end of the conversation?

问题15. 在对话接近尾声时，女士建议男士和他的家人做什么？

Passage 1.

段落1。

Artificial intelligence agents play ever more influential roles in our lives.

人工智能代理在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。

They do everything from suggesting new friends to recommending purchases.

它们从推荐新朋友到推荐购物，无所不做。

They're even beginning to drive our cars.

它们甚至开始驾驶我们的汽车。

Another role that they are expected to take over is negotiating on our behalf in commercial transactions or legal disputes.

另一个它们预计会接手的角色是在商业交易或法律纠纷中代表我们进行谈判。

So, it's important to know whether using an artificial intelligence agent might affect how we negotiate.

因此，了解使用人工智能代理是否会影响我们的谈判方式很重要。

Research indicates that it does.

研究表明，它确实会影响。

In a new study, participants were told to imagine that they were negotiating for something important to them, like a house.

在一项新研究中，参与者被要求想象他们正在为对他们重要的事情进行谈判，比如房子。

Next, they were told either that they would negotiate for themselves, or they would program an artificial intelligence agent to negotiate for them.

接下来，他们被告知要么为自己谈判，要么编程一个人工智能代理为他们谈判。

Participants then completed a survey indicating how tough, deceptive, and pleasant or otherwise they wanted to be, or wanted their agent to be, in the negotiations.

然后，参与者完成了一项调查，表明他们希望或希望他们的代理在谈判中有多强硬、多欺骗、多愉快或其他方面。

For example, participants could choose to be tough by making an opening demand far greater than what they'd be willing to accept.

例如，参与者可以通过提出一个远高于他们愿意接受的初始要求来选择强硬。

They could also choose to express sympathy with their opponent to appear pleasant.

他们也可以选择表达对对手的同情以显得愉快。

But they could also indicate that they, or their agent, would strategically express anger toward the opponent to gain advantage.

但他们也可以表明，他们或他们的代理会策略性地向对手表达愤怒以获得优势。

Or, they could opt to convey dissatisfaction with the encounter so that the other party would think they were losing interest.

或者，他们可以选择传达对这次遭遇的不满，以便让另一方认为他们失去了兴趣。

These are both examples of deceptive strategies.

这些都是欺骗策略的例子。

Participants were more willing to employ deceptive strategies when assigned an agent to negotiate on their behalf.

当被分配一个代理为他们谈判时，参与者更愿意采用欺骗策略。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16到18基于你刚刚听到的文章。

Question 16. What does the passage say about artificial intelligence agents?

问题16。文章对人工智能代理说了什么？

Question 17. What does the new study want to find out about using an artificial intelligence agent?

问题17。新研究想了解关于使用人工智能代理的什么？

Question 18. What did participants tend to do when assigned an AI agent to negotiate on their behalf?

问题18。当被分配一个AI代理为他们谈判时，参与者倾向于做什么？

Passage 2.

段落2。

New research has studied the effects of a seven-week healthy cooking course.

新研究调查了一个为期七周的健康烹饪课程的效果。

Academics measured the programme's effect on cooking confidence and self-perceived mental health.

学者们测量了该计划对烹饪信心和自感心理健康的影响。

Researchers also measured participants' overall satisfaction around cooking and diet-related behaviours.

研究人员还测量了参与者对烹饪和饮食相关行为的整体满意度。

What were the findings?

研究结果是什么？

Course participants saw significant improvements in general health.

课程参与者在总体健康方面看到了显著改善。

They also reported improved mental health and subjective vitality immediately after the programme.

他们还报告说，在计划结束后立即感受到心理健康和主观活力的改善。

These benefits remained six months after the completion of the course.

这些益处在课程完成六个月后仍然存在。

What caused these improvements?

是什么导致了这些改善？

Researchers have previously found a link between eating more fruits and vegetables and improved longer-term mental health.

研究人员此前发现，多吃水果和蔬菜与长期心理健康改善之间存在联系。

This would imply that the participants in the current study may have felt better due to improved diet.

这暗示当前研究中的参与者可能因为饮食改善而感觉更好。

However, the study showed participants' mental health improved even if their reported diet did not change after completing the programme.

然而，研究表明，即使参与者在完成计划后报告的饮食没有变化，他们的心理健康也有所改善。

Also, the mental health benefits were equal among participants who were overweight or obese and those in a healthy weight range.

此外，在超重或肥胖的参与者与健康体重范围的参与者中，心理健康益处是相等的。

This suggests a link between cooking confidence and satisfaction around cooking and mental health benefits.

这表明烹饪信心、对烹饪的满意度与心理健康益处之间存在联系。

Who benefits most from learning to cook?

谁从学习烹饪中受益最多？

Gender plays a part.

性别起着作用。

At the start of the programme, 77% of female participants were confident about cooking, but just 23% of males were confident.

在计划开始时，77%的女性参与者对烹饪有信心，但只有23%的男性有信心。

At the end of the programme, cooking confidence and skills were equal across both counterparts.

在计划结束时，烹饪信心和技能在双方之间是相等的。

This change in confidence could lead to a gender balance in home cooking.

这种信心的变化可能导致家庭烹饪中的性别平衡。

This, in turn, could reduce consumption of unhealthy, high-calorie processed meals.

这反过来可能减少不健康、高热量加工餐的消费。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题19到21基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 19. What do we learn about the benefits the participants gained from the Healthy Cooking course?

问题19. 我们了解到参与者从健康烹饪课程中获得了哪些益处？

Question 20. What do the new research findings suggest about mental health benefits?

问题20. 新研究结果对心理健康益处有何暗示？

Question 21. What plays a role in determining who benefits most from learning to cook?

问题21. 什么在决定谁从学习烹饪中受益最多中起作用？

Passage 3.

段落3。

What is personal space?

什么是个人空间？

We often think of it as an invisible bubble of space surrounding us that others can't enter without causing discomfort.

我们常常认为它是一个围绕我们的无形空间气泡，他人进入就会引起不适。

Research shows, however, that we actually have bubbles of different sizes.

然而，研究表明，我们实际上拥有不同大小的气泡。

Each of these bubbles applies to a different set of people.

这些气泡中的每一个适用于不同的人群。

The smallest zone, called intimate space, extends outward from our bodies 18 inches in every direction.

最小的区域，称为亲密空间，从我们身体向外延伸18英寸。

Only family, pets, and one's closest friends may enter it.

只有家人、宠物和最亲密的朋友可以进入。

A mere acquaintance entering our intimate space makes us uncomfortable.

仅仅是一个熟人进入我们的亲密空间就会让我们感到不适。

Next is the bubble called personal space, extending from 1.

接下来是称为个人空间的气泡，从1。

5 feet to 4 feet away.

5英尺到4英尺远。

Friends and acquaintances can comfortably occupy this zone, especially during informal conversations, but strangers are forbidden.

朋友和熟人可以舒适地占据这个区域，尤其是在非正式交谈中，但陌生人是禁止的。

Extending from 4 to 12 feet away from us is social space.

从我们身体延伸4到12英尺远的是社交空间。

Here, people feel comfortable conducting routine social interactions with new acquaintances or total strangers.

在这里，人们感到舒适地与新熟人或完全陌生人进行例行社交互动。

Those are the average sizes of Americans' personal bubbles, anyway.

总之，这些是美国人个人气泡的平均大小。

It is important to keep in mind that personal space varies depending on culture and context.

重要的是要记住，个人空间因文化和情境而异。

Furthermore, there are significant individual differences.

此外，存在显著的个体差异。

As we all know, cultural or individual differences in personal bubble diameters are all too often the cause of discomfort.

众所周知，文化或个体在个人气泡直径上的差异往往是不适的原因。

How did these personal bubbles arise?

这些个人气泡是如何产生的？

According to research, we begin to develop our individual sense of personal space around age 3 or 4.

根据研究，我们在3或4岁左右开始发展我们对个人空间的个体感知。

The sizes of our bubbles are fixed by our teens.

我们的气泡大小在青少年时期固定。

These bubbles are constructed and monitored by the brain region involved in fear.

这些气泡由涉及恐惧的大脑区域构建和监控。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题22到25基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 22. What does research show about our personal space?

问题22. 研究显示了关于我们个人空间的什么？

Question 23. What happens if a mere acquaintance enters our intimate space?

问题23. 如果仅仅一个熟人进入我们的亲密空间会发生什么？

Question 24. Where do people feel comfortable interacting with new acquaintances or strangers?

问题24. 人们在哪里感到舒适地与新熟人或陌生人互动？

Question 25. When are the sizes of our bubbles fixed?

问题25. 我们的气泡大小何时固定？