2020年12月六级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

Vegetarians would prefer not to be compelled to eat meat. Yet the reverse compulsion is hidden in the proposals for a new plant-based "planetary diet." Nowhere is this more visible than in India.

素食主义者宁愿不被迫吃肉。然而，反向的强制却隐藏在以植物为基础的“行星饮食”新提案中。这一点在印度表现得最为明显。

Earlier this year, the EAT-Lancet Commission released its global report on nutrition and called for a global shift to a more plant-based diet and for "substantially reducing consumption of animal source foods." In countries like India, that call could become a tool to aggravate an already tense political situation and stress already undernourished populations.

今年早些时候，EAT-兰塞特委员会发布了其全球营养报告，呼吁全球转向更以植物为基础的饮食，并“大幅减少动物源食品的消费”。在印度这样的国家，这种呼吁可能成为加剧本已紧张的政治局势和给本已营养不良的人口带来压力的工具。

The EAT report presumes that "traditional diets" in countries like India include little red meat, which might be consumed only on special occasions or as minor ingredients in mixed dishes.

EAT报告假定，在印度等国家的“传统饮食”中很少包含红肉，红肉可能只在特殊场合或作为混合菜肴中的次要成分消费。

In India, however, there is a vast difference between what people would wish to consume and what they have to consume because of innumerable barriers around class, religion, culture, cost, geography, etc. Policymakers in India have traditionally pushed for a cereal-heavy "vegetarian diet" on a meat-eating population as a way of providing the cheapest sources of food.

然而，在印度，人们希望消费的东西和由于阶级、宗教、文化、成本、地理等无数障碍而必须消费的东西之间存在巨大差异。印度的决策者传统上推动以谷物为主的“素食饮食”针对肉食人口，作为提供最廉价食物来源的方式。

Currently, under an aggressive Hindu nationalist government, Muslims, Christians, disadvantaged classes and indigenous communities are being compelled to give up their traditional foods.

目前，在激进的印度教民族主义政府统治下，穆斯林、基督徒、弱势阶级和土著社区正被迫放弃他们的传统食物。

None of these concerns seem to have been appreciated by the EAT-Lancet Commission's representative, Brent Loken, who said "India has got such a great example" in sourcing protein from plants.

这些担忧似乎都没有被EAT-兰塞特委员会的代表布伦特·洛肯所重视，他说“印度在从植物中获取蛋白质方面提供了如此好的榜样”。

But how much of a model for the world is India's vegetarianism? In the Global Hunger Index 2019, the country ranks 102nd out of 117. Data from the National Family Health Survey indicate that only 10 percent of infants of 6 to 23 months are adequately fed.

但印度的素食主义在多大程度上能作为世界的榜样？在2019年全球饥饿指数中，该国在117个国家中排名第102位。全国家庭健康调查的数据表明，只有10%的6至23个月婴儿得到充分喂养。

Which is why calls for a plant-based diet modeled on India risk offering another whip with which to beat already vulnerable communities in developing countries.

这就是为什么呼吁以印度为模型的植物基础饮食，有提供另一条鞭子来打击发展中国家本已脆弱的社区的风险。

A diet directed at the affluent West fails to recognize that in low-income countries undernourished children are known to benefit from the consumption of milk and other animal source foods, improving cognitive functions, while reducing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies as well as mortality.

一种针对富裕西方的饮食未能认识到，在低收入国家，营养不良的儿童因消费牛奶和其他动物源食品而受益，这能改善认知功能，同时减少营养缺乏的普遍性和死亡率。

EAT-Lancet claimed its intention was to "spark conversations" among all Indian stakeholders. Yet vocal critics of the food processing industry and food fortification strategies have been left out of the debate. But the most conspicuous omission may well be the absence of India's farmers.

EAT-兰塞特声称其意图是“在印度所有利益相关者之间引发对话”。然而，食品加工行业和食品强化策略的直言不讳的批评者被排除在辩论之外。但最明显的遗漏可能正是印度农民的缺席。

The government, however, seems to have given the report a thumbs-up. Rather than addressing chronic hunger and malnutrition through an improved access to wholesome and nutrient-dense foods, the government is opening the door for company-dependent solutions, ignoring the environmental and economic cost, which will destroy local food systems. It's a model full of danger for future generations.

然而，政府似乎对报告表示赞同。政府不是通过改善对健康和高营养食物的获取来解决长期饥饿和营养不良问题，而是为依赖公司的解决方案敞开大门，忽视环境和经济成本，这将破坏当地食物系统。这是一个对未来充满危险的模式。